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Energy Management in Microgrids: Commercial, Industrial, and Residential Perspectives

Author

Listed:
  • Mohamed Atef

    (School of Engineering & Technology, Central Queensland University, Gladstone, QLD 4680, Australia)

  • Sanath Alahakoon

    (School of Engineering & Technology, Central Queensland University, Gladstone, QLD 4680, Australia)

  • Peter Wolfs

    (School of Engineering & Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia)

  • Umme Mumtahina

    (School of Engineering & Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia)

  • Tamer Khatib

    (Energy Engineering & Environment Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus 97300, West Bank, Palestine)

  • Moslem Uddin

    (School of Engineering & Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia)

Abstract

This study aims to review the energy management of microgrids with a structured focus on residential, commercial, and industrial applications. Building on early optimization and control strategies, this study synthesizes advances in forecasting, uncertainty management, computational intelligence, and digital twin integration. Particular attention is given to multi-energy coupling through storage technologies, including hydrogen and thermal pathways, along with life cycle, trilemma, and sustainability considerations. Sector-specific energy management system (EMS) strategies are compared in terms of objectives, methods, and implementation challenges, highlighting both converging and unique requirements across application domains. Cross-sectoral challenges, such as interoperability, cyber-security, resilience valuation, and policy gaps, are analyzed, and emerging research directions, including artificial intelligence (AI)-driven optimization, hierarchical and multi-agent frameworks, and hydrogen-enabled autonomy, are outlined. This review aims to equip researchers, practitioners, and policymakers with a consolidated reference on microgrid EMS, bridging technical innovation with sustainable and resilient energy transitions.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohamed Atef & Sanath Alahakoon & Peter Wolfs & Umme Mumtahina & Tamer Khatib & Moslem Uddin, 2026. "Energy Management in Microgrids: Commercial, Industrial, and Residential Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-28, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:19:y:2026:i:2:p:419-:d:1840887
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