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Gaining CO 2 Reduction Insights with SHAP: Analyzing a Shower Heat Exchanger with Artificial Neural Networks

Author

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  • Sabina Kordana-Obuch

    (Department of Infrastructure and Water Management, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Beata Piotrowska

    (Department of Infrastructure and Water Management, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Mariusz Starzec

    (Department of Infrastructure and Water Management, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland)

Abstract

The application of shower heat exchangers (SHEs) allows for a reduction in the amount of energy necessary to heat domestic hot water (DHW). As a result, not only the costs of heating DHW but also the emission of harmful products of fuel combustion is reduced. However, the identification of key areas determining the resulting carbon dioxide emission remains an unexplored issue. For this reason, the main purpose of this paper was to comprehensively analyze the impact of parameters characterizing the operation of a horizontal SHE cooperating with an electric DHW heater on the potential reduction in CO 2 emission. As part of this research study, 16,200 CO 2 emission reduction values corresponding to different conditions of shower installation operation were determined. The analysis was carried out considering the location of the installation in different countries of the European Union. Artificial neural networks and SHAP analysis were used as tools. This research study showed that carbon intensity, corresponding to the location of the installation on the world map, and total daily shower length are of key importance in the prediction of carbon dioxide emission reduction. The efficiency of the DHW heater turned out to be the least important parameter. This research study proved that the greatest environmental benefits of using SHEs will be visible in countries where fossil fuels account for a large share of electricity production, such as Poland, and in buildings with significant water consumption.

Suggested Citation

  • Sabina Kordana-Obuch & Beata Piotrowska & Mariusz Starzec, 2025. "Gaining CO 2 Reduction Insights with SHAP: Analyzing a Shower Heat Exchanger with Artificial Neural Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-23, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:8:p:1904-:d:1630950
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Łukasz Amanowicz & Michał Turski, 2025. "PCM-Filled Capsules (RT44HC) for Heat Storage—Laboratory Scale Pilot Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-17, January.
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    5. Sabina Kordana-Obuch & Mariusz Starzec & Beata Piotrowska, 2024. "Harnessing Artificial Neural Networks for Financial Analysis of Investments in a Shower Heat Exchanger," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-24, July.
    6. Mariusz Starzec & Sabina Kordana-Obuch & Beata Piotrowska, 2024. "Evaluation of the Suitability of Using Artificial Neural Networks in Assessing the Effectiveness of Greywater Heat Exchangers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-26, March.
    7. Edyta Dudkiewicz & Agnieszka Ludwińska, 2023. "Family Dwelling House Localization in Poland as a Factor Influencing the Economic Effect of Rainwater Harvesting System with Underground Tank," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-25, July.
    8. Orest Voznyak & Edyta Dudkiewicz & Marta Laska & Ievgen Antypov & Nadiia Spodyniuk & Iryna Sukholova & Olena Savchenko, 2024. "A New Approach to the Economic Evaluation of Thermomodernization: Annual Assessment Based on the Example of Production Space," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-20, April.
    9. Fredrik Skaug Fadnes & Mohsen Assadi, 2024. "Utilizing Wastewater Tunnels as Thermal Reservoirs for Heat Pumps in Smart Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-35, September.
    10. Dawid Czajor & Łukasz Amanowicz, 2024. "Methodology for Modernizing Local Gas-Fired District Heating Systems into a Central District Heating System Using Gas-Fired Cogeneration Engines—A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-30, February.
    11. Kordana-Obuch, Sabina & Piotrowska, Beata & Starzec, Mariusz, 2025. "Management of waste heat in residential buildings: Predictive modelling and sensitivity analysis of variables characterising shower heat exchanger conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    12. Damian Maciorowski & Maciej Jan Spychala & Danuta Miedzinska, 2024. "An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a Heat Exchanger for Showers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-16, July.
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