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Concepts and Experiments on More Electric Aircraft Power Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Andrzej Gębura

    (Air Force Institute of Technology, ul. Księcia Bolesława 6, 01-494 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Andrzej Szelmanowski

    (Air Force Institute of Technology, ul. Księcia Bolesława 6, 01-494 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Ilona Jacyna-Gołda

    (Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Paweł Gołda

    (Faculty of Aviation, Polish Air Force University, Dywizjonu 303 Street No. 35, 08-530 Dęblin, Poland)

  • Magdalena Kalbarczyk

    (Economy, WSB Merito University in Warsaw, 03-204 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Justyna Tomaszewska

    (Faculty of Aviation, Polish Air Force University, Dywizjonu 303 Street No. 35, 08-530 Dęblin, Poland)

Abstract

The evolution of aircraft power systems has been driven by increasing electrical demands and advancements in aviation technology. Background: This study provides a comprehensive review and experimental validation of on-board electrical network development, analyzing power management strategies in both conventional and modern aircraft, including the Mi-24 helicopter, F-22 multirole aircraft, and Boeing 787 passenger airplane. Methods: The research categorizes aircraft electrical systems into three historical phases: pre-1960s with 28.5 V DC networks, up to 2000 with three-phase AC networks (3 × 115 V/200 V, 400 Hz), and post-2000 with 270 V DC networks derived from AC generators via transformer–rectifier units. Beyond theoretical analysis, this work introduces experimental findings on hybrid-electric aircraft power solutions, particularly evaluating the performance of the Modular Power System for Aircraft (MPSZE). The More Electric Aircraft (MEA) concept is analyzed as a key innovation, with a focus on energy efficiency, frequency stability, and ground power applications. The study investigates the integration of alternative energy sources, including photovoltaic-assisted power supplies and fuel-cell-based auxiliary systems, assessing their feasibility for aircraft system checks, engine startups, field navigation, communications, and radar operations. Results: Experimental results demonstrate that hybrid energy storage systems, incorporating lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, and photovoltaic modules, can enhance MEA efficiency and operational resilience under real-world conditions. Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of MEA technology in the future of sustainable aviation power solutions, highlighting both global and Polish research contributions, particularly from the Air Force Institute of Technology (ITWL).

Suggested Citation

  • Andrzej Gębura & Andrzej Szelmanowski & Ilona Jacyna-Gołda & Paweł Gołda & Magdalena Kalbarczyk & Justyna Tomaszewska, 2025. "Concepts and Experiments on More Electric Aircraft Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-26, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:7:p:1653-:d:1620739
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Li, Baojie & Chen, Xin & Jain, Anubhav, 2024. "Power modeling of degraded PV systems: Case studies using a dynamically updated physical model (PV-Pro)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    2. Lukas Löhr & Raphael Houben & Carolin Guntermann & Albert Moser, 2022. "Nested Decomposition Approach for Dispatch Optimization of Large-Scale, Integrated Electricity, Methane and Hydrogen Infrastructures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-25, April.
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