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FEM Simulation of FDS Response in Oil-Impregnated Paper Insulation of Current Transformers with Axial Aging Variation

Author

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  • Lujia Wang

    (School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China)

  • Yutong Zhang

    (School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China)

  • Ling Yang

    (School of Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China)

  • Xiaoyu Hu

    (State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute, Hefei 230061, China)

  • Sien Xu

    (China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Weimin Huang

    (State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hefei 230061, China)

  • Longzhen Wang

    (State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hefei 230061, China)

Abstract

The aging of oil-impregnated paper (OIP) insulation is one of the key factors influencing the service life of oil-immersed current transformers. Frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS), supported by mathematical models or simulation methods, is commonly used to evaluate insulation conditions. However, traditional aging models typically ignored significant aging differences between the transformer OIP head and straight sections caused by the axial temperature gradient. To address this limitation, an accelerated thermal aging experiment was performed on a full-scale oil-immersed inverted current transformer prototype. Based on the analysis of its internal temperature field, the axial temperature gradient boundary of the main insulation was identified. By applying region-specific aging control strategies to different axial segments, a FEM model incorporating axial aging variation was developed to analyze its influence on FDS. The simulation results closely matched experimental data, with a maximum deviation below 9.22%. The model’s applicability was further confirmed through the aging prediction of an in-service transformer. The proposed model is expected to provide a more accurate basis for predicting the FDS characteristics of OIP insulation in current transformers.

Suggested Citation

  • Lujia Wang & Yutong Zhang & Ling Yang & Xiaoyu Hu & Sien Xu & Weimin Huang & Longzhen Wang, 2025. "FEM Simulation of FDS Response in Oil-Impregnated Paper Insulation of Current Transformers with Axial Aging Variation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-21, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:12:p:3163-:d:1680180
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jan Subocz & Andrzej Mrozik & Patryk Bohatyrewicz & Marek Zenker, 2020. "Condition Assessment of HV Bushings with Solid Insulation based on the SVM and the FDS Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-13, February.
    2. Krzysztof Walczak & Jaroslaw Gielniak, 2021. "Temperature Distribution in the Insulation System of Condenser-Type HV Bushing—Its Effect on Dielectric Response in the Frequency Domain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-18, July.
    3. Feng Yang & Lin Du & Lijun Yang & Chao Wei & Youyuan Wang & Liman Ran & Peng He, 2018. "A Parameterization Approach for the Dielectric Response Model of Oil Paper Insulation Using FDS Measurements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-17, March.
    4. Bo Qi & Quanmin Dai & Chengrong Li & Zipeng Zeng & Mingli Fu & Ran Zhuo, 2018. "The Mechanism and Diagnosis of Insulation Deterioration Caused by Moisture Ingress into Oil-Impregnated Paper Bushing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-12, June.
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