IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i11p2802-d1666110.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Analysis of the Cogging Torque Reduction in Permanent Magnet Generators for a Very Low Wind Speed

Author

Listed:
  • Syamsir Abduh

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Institut Teknologi PLN, Jakarta 11750, Indonesia)

  • S. Karunanithi

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Putrajaya 43009, Malaysia)

  • Tajuddin Nur

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia)

Abstract

This research examines the magnet structure’s effect on the performance of permanent magnet generators. The permanent magnet generator’s cogging torque (CT) is one of the characteristics that this article examines. In an electrical machine or permanent magnet generator, CT is a characteristic that can cause unwanted phenomena like vibration and noise. The permanent magnet generator’s magnetic flux density in the core is another crucial factor affecting the machine’s efficiency. The present study introduces this parameter. This study used the finite element method for magnetics to investigate and compare the values of the tangential and normal magnetic flux densities in air gaps. Using the magnet edge slotting technique might decrease the magnetic flux density, the total magnetic flux pouring into the air gap of the permanent magnet generator, and the CT reduction. It is demonstrated that using the two processes of slotting at the magnet edge can result in improved permanent magnet generator performance. The numerical calculation software FEMM 4.2, based on the finite element method, it was used to validate the CT of the permanent magnet generators under examination. It was discovered that the cogging torque of the proposed permanent magnet generator can be significantly increased—by about 99.3%—compared to the original design of the permanent magnet generators being studied. To retrieve the power that was lost when the magnet was cut, the authors improved the convex shape next to the rotor core. This made the magnet volume bigger, similar to the magnet design in the baseline model. The cogging torque was evaluated using FEMM and contrasted with the cogging torque of the baseline model. It was determined that the cogging torque diminished by 99.2% relative to that of the baseline model. This result is marginally lower than the reduction in the cogging torque value observed without employing convex magnets, which stands at 99.3%.

Suggested Citation

  • Syamsir Abduh & S. Karunanithi & Tajuddin Nur, 2025. "Analysis of the Cogging Torque Reduction in Permanent Magnet Generators for a Very Low Wind Speed," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-22, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:11:p:2802-:d:1666110
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2802/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2802/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sri Mawar Said & Tajuddin Nur & Herlina Herlina, 2024. "The Application of Magnet Structures to Reduce the Cogging Torque Associated with Fractional Slot Number in Permanent Magnet Generators," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-20, May.
    2. Jonathan Sjölund & Sandra Eriksson, 2021. "Effect of Pole Shoe Design on Inclination Angle of Different Magnetic Fields in Permanent Magnet Machines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-15, April.
    3. K. Padmanathan & N. Kamalakannan & P. Sanjeevikumar & F. Blaabjerg & J. B. Holm-Nielsen & G. Uma & R. Arul & R. Rajesh & A. Srinivasan & J. Baskaran, 2019. "Conceptual Framework of Antecedents to Trends on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators for Wind Energy Conversion Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-39, July.
    4. Abdur Rahman & Rukmi Dutta & Guoyu Chu & Dan Xiao & Vinay K. Thippiripati & Muhammed F. Rahman, 2023. "Open-Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Renewable Energy—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-21, July.
    5. Vannakone Lounthavong & Warat Sriwannarat & Apirat Siritaratiwat & Pirat Khunkitti, 2019. "Optimal Stator Design of Doubly Salient Permanent Magnet Generator for Enhancing the Electromagnetic Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-12, August.
    6. T. A. Anuja & M. Arun Noyal Doss, 2021. "Reduction of Cogging Torque in Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor by Adapting Rotor Magnetic Displacement," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-20, May.
    7. Miguel García-Gracia & Ángel Jiménez Romero & Jorge Herrero Ciudad & Susana Martín Arroyo, 2018. "Cogging Torque Reduction Based on a New Pre-Slot Technique for a Small Wind Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Vanna Torn & Pattasad Seangwong & Nuwantha Fernando & Apirat Siritaratiwat & Pirat Khunkitti, 2023. "Performance Improvement of Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Wind Generator Using Magnetic Flux Barrier Design," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-14, May.
    2. Sandra Eriksson, 2019. "Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-5, July.
    3. Haneen Ghanayem & Mohammad Alathamneh & R. M. Nelms, 2024. "PMSM Field-Oriented Control with Independent Speed and Flux Controllers for Continuous Operation under Open-Circuit Fault at Light Load Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-18, January.
    4. Chung-Seong Lee & Hae-Joong Kim, 2022. "Harmonic Order Analysis of Cogging Torque for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Considering Manufacturing Disturbances," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-13, March.
    5. Chainattapol Nissayan & Pattasad Seangwong & Supanat Chamchuen & Nuwantha Fernando & Apirat Siritaratiwat & Pirat Khunkitti, 2022. "Modeling and Optimal Configuration Design of Flux-Barrier for Torque Improvement of Rotor Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Machine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-12, November.
    6. Paweł Strączyński & Sebastian Różowicz & Krzysztof Baran, 2025. "Automated Laboratory Stand for Determining the Cogging Torque of a Small Permanent Magnet Electric Machine Using the MATLAB Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-15, February.
    7. Andrzej Bień & Tomasz Drabek & Dawid Kara & Tomasz Kołacz, 2022. "Reduction in the Cogging Torques in the DCEFSM Motor by Changing the Geometry of the Rotor Teeth," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-17, March.
    8. Nikolaos Chrysochoidis-Antsos & Gerard J.W. van Bussel & Jan Bozelie & Sander M. Mertens & Ad J.M. van Wijk, 2021. "Performance Characteristics of A Micro Wind Turbine Integrated on A Noise Barrier," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-29, February.
    9. Chenchen Ge & Muyang Liu & Junru Chen, 2022. "Modeling of Direct-Drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Wind Power Generation System Considering the Power System Analysis in Multi-Timescales," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-19, October.
    10. Pattasad Seangwong & Supanat Chamchuen & Nuwantha Fernando & Apirat Siritaratiwat & Pirat Khunkitti, 2022. "A Novel Six-Phase V-Shaped Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Generator for Wind Power Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-11, December.
    11. Pierpaolo Dini & Sergio Saponara, 2022. "Review on Model Based Design of Advanced Control Algorithms for Cogging Torque Reduction in Power Drive Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-29, November.
    12. Surat Khan & Abdin Pasund & Naseer Ahmad & Shoaib Ahmed & Hamid Ali Khan & Khalid Mehmood Cheema & Ahmad H. Milyani, 2022. "Performance Investigation and Cogging Torque Reduction in a Novel Modular Stator PM Flux Reversal Machine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-20, March.
    13. Fugang Zhai & Liu Yang & Wenqi Fu & Haisheng Tong & Tianyu Zhao, 2022. "The Effects of Permanent Magnet Segmentations on Electromagnetic Performance in Ironless Brushless DC Motors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-18, January.
    14. T. A. Anuja & M. Arun Noyal Doss, 2021. "Reduction of Cogging Torque in Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor by Adapting Rotor Magnetic Displacement," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-20, May.
    15. Warat Sriwannarat & Pattasad Seangwong & Vannakone Lounthavong & Sirote Khunkitti & Apirat Siritaratiwat & Pirat Khunkitti, 2020. "An Improvement of Output Power in Doubly Salient Permanent Magnet Generator Using Pole Configuration Adjustment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-14, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:11:p:2802-:d:1666110. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.