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Analysis of the Cogging Torque Reduction in Permanent Magnet Generators for a Very Low Wind Speed

Author

Listed:
  • Syamsir Abduh

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Institut Teknologi PLN, Jakarta 11750, Indonesia)

  • S. Karunanithi

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Putrajaya 43009, Malaysia)

  • Tajuddin Nur

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia)

Abstract

This research examines the magnet structure’s effect on the performance of permanent magnet generators. The permanent magnet generator’s cogging torque (CT) is one of the characteristics that this article examines. In an electrical machine or permanent magnet generator, CT is a characteristic that can cause unwanted phenomena like vibration and noise. The permanent magnet generator’s magnetic flux density in the core is another crucial factor affecting the machine’s efficiency. The present study introduces this parameter. This study used the finite element method for magnetics to investigate and compare the values of the tangential and normal magnetic flux densities in air gaps. Using the magnet edge slotting technique might decrease the magnetic flux density, the total magnetic flux pouring into the air gap of the permanent magnet generator, and the CT reduction. It is demonstrated that using the two processes of slotting at the magnet edge can result in improved permanent magnet generator performance. The numerical calculation software FEMM 4.2, based on the finite element method, it was used to validate the CT of the permanent magnet generators under examination. It was discovered that the cogging torque of the proposed permanent magnet generator can be significantly increased—by about 99.3%—compared to the original design of the permanent magnet generators being studied. To retrieve the power that was lost when the magnet was cut, the authors improved the convex shape next to the rotor core. This made the magnet volume bigger, similar to the magnet design in the baseline model. The cogging torque was evaluated using FEMM and contrasted with the cogging torque of the baseline model. It was determined that the cogging torque diminished by 99.2% relative to that of the baseline model. This result is marginally lower than the reduction in the cogging torque value observed without employing convex magnets, which stands at 99.3%.

Suggested Citation

  • Syamsir Abduh & S. Karunanithi & Tajuddin Nur, 2025. "Analysis of the Cogging Torque Reduction in Permanent Magnet Generators for a Very Low Wind Speed," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-22, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:11:p:2802-:d:1666110
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sri Mawar Said & Tajuddin Nur & Herlina Herlina, 2024. "The Application of Magnet Structures to Reduce the Cogging Torque Associated with Fractional Slot Number in Permanent Magnet Generators," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-20, May.
    2. Jonathan Sjölund & Sandra Eriksson, 2021. "Effect of Pole Shoe Design on Inclination Angle of Different Magnetic Fields in Permanent Magnet Machines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-15, April.
    3. K. Padmanathan & N. Kamalakannan & P. Sanjeevikumar & F. Blaabjerg & J. B. Holm-Nielsen & G. Uma & R. Arul & R. Rajesh & A. Srinivasan & J. Baskaran, 2019. "Conceptual Framework of Antecedents to Trends on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators for Wind Energy Conversion Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-39, July.
    4. Abdur Rahman & Rukmi Dutta & Guoyu Chu & Dan Xiao & Vinay K. Thippiripati & Muhammed F. Rahman, 2023. "Open-Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Renewable Energy—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-21, July.
    5. Vannakone Lounthavong & Warat Sriwannarat & Apirat Siritaratiwat & Pirat Khunkitti, 2019. "Optimal Stator Design of Doubly Salient Permanent Magnet Generator for Enhancing the Electromagnetic Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-12, August.
    6. Miguel García-Gracia & Ángel Jiménez Romero & Jorge Herrero Ciudad & Susana Martín Arroyo, 2018. "Cogging Torque Reduction Based on a New Pre-Slot Technique for a Small Wind Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, November.
    7. T. A. Anuja & M. Arun Noyal Doss, 2021. "Reduction of Cogging Torque in Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor by Adapting Rotor Magnetic Displacement," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-20, May.
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