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Operating Properties of the Inductive Current Transformer and Evaluation of Requirements for Its Compliance with the IEC 61869-1 WB2 Class Extension for Frequency up to 20 kHz

Author

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  • Michal Kaczmarek

    (Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland)

Abstract

Nanocrystalline material provides an opportunity to improve the wideband performance of inductive current transformers and enables the possibility of ensuring their transformation accuracy for distorted and sinusoidal current from 50 Hz up to 20 kHz. Introduced in the year 2023, the standard IEC 61869-1 defines optional wideband accuracy classes for inductive current transformers with the WB2 class extension for harmonic frequencies up to 20 kHz. In this paper, design requirements in order to develop high accuracy 0.1-WB2 class wideband inductive current transformers compliant with the standards IEC 61869-1/2 are presented. It is shown that the main emphasis and design difficulties in ensuring high transformation accuracy still concern the lowest frequency of wideband operation—the fundamental component. However, it is of high importance that in order to obtain the highest possible wideband transformation accuracy of inductive current transformer for the low order higher harmonics, we ensure the lowest possible self-distortion of secondary current by minimalization of the load of its secondary winding is achieved—it should operate close to the short circuit conditions. Therefore, the low-power inductive CT should be designed and used for measurements in the power grid, as they will ensure the highest wideband transformation accuracy.

Suggested Citation

  • Michal Kaczmarek, 2025. "Operating Properties of the Inductive Current Transformer and Evaluation of Requirements for Its Compliance with the IEC 61869-1 WB2 Class Extension for Frequency up to 20 kHz," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:10:p:2595-:d:1657749
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michal Kaczmarek & Piotr Kaczmarek, 2020. "Comparison of the Wideband Power Sources Used to Supply Step-Up Current Transformers for Generation of Distorted Currents," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Elzbieta Lesniewska, 2022. "Modern Methods of Construction Problem Solving in Designing Various Types of Instrument Transformers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-26, November.
    3. Mariusz Najgebauer & Damian Gzieł & Jarosław Kalinowski & Branko Koprivica, 2024. "The Estimation of Power Losses in Composite Cores Excited by Harmonic Flux Density Waveforms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-15, November.
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