Type-B Energy Process: Asymmetric Function-Gated Isothermal Electricity Production

Recently, we identified two types (A and B) of energy processes that naturally occur on Earth. Type-A energetic process such as the classical heat engines follows well the thermodynamic second law; Type-B energy process follows the first law of thermodynamics, but does not have to be constrained by the second law, owning to its special asymmetric function. The identification of type-B process inspired a novel invention on isothermal electricity production through an asymmetric function-gated power generation system. This article highlights the fundamental embodiments, scientific principles, and physics equations for the asymmetric function-gated isothermal electricity generator that comprises an exceptionally low electron-work-function surface as an isothermal electron emitter and a space gap that permits the isothermally emitted electrons to travel ballistically to a collector. The physics equations for the density of isothermal electricity current, voltage and power all clearly show that the type-B energy technology can isothermally utilize the limitless environmental heat energy to generate electricity power as long as the electron-work function of the emitter W F e is substantially lower than that of the collector W F c . It has the potential capability to forever energize many electronic devices such as mobile phones and laptops, which is of great scientific and practical importance.