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Recent Advances in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Heavy Metal Removal Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Maria-Anna Gatou

    (Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9, Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou, 15780 Athens, Greece)

  • Panagiota Bika

    (Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece)

  • Thomas Stergiopoulos

    (Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece
    Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Panagiotis Dallas

    (Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece)

  • Evangelia A. Pavlatou

    (Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9, Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou, 15780 Athens, Greece)

Abstract

Covalent organic frameworks comprise a unique class of functional materials that has recently emerged as a versatile tool for energy-related, photocatalytic, environmental, and electrochromic device applications. A plethora of structures can be designed and implemented through a careful selection of ligands and functional units. On the other hand, porous materials for heavy metal absorption are constantly on the forefront of materials science due to the significant health issues that arise from the release of the latter to aquatic environments. In this critical review, we provide insights on the correlation between the structure of functional covalent organic frameworks and their heavy metal absorption. The elements we selected were Pb, Hg, Cr, Cd, and As metal ions, as well as radioactive elements, and we focused on their removal with functional networks. Finally, we outline their advantages and disadvantages compared to other competitive systems such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks (MOFs), we analyze the potential drawbacks for industrial scale applications, and we provide our outlook on the future of this emerging field.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria-Anna Gatou & Panagiota Bika & Thomas Stergiopoulos & Panagiotis Dallas & Evangelia A. Pavlatou, 2021. "Recent Advances in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Heavy Metal Removal Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-26, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:11:p:3197-:d:565498
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shuai Bi & Can Yang & Wenbei Zhang & Junsong Xu & Lingmei Liu & Dongqing Wu & Xinchen Wang & Yu Han & Qifeng Liang & Fan Zhang, 2019. "Two-dimensional semiconducting covalent organic frameworks via condensation at arylmethyl carbon atoms," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Xinle Li & Changlin Zhang & Songliang Cai & Xiaohe Lei & Virginia Altoe & Fang Hong & Jeffrey J. Urban & Jim Ciston & Emory M. Chan & Yi Liu, 2018. "Facile transformation of imine covalent organic frameworks into ultrastable crystalline porous aromatic frameworks," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Frederik Haase & Erik Troschke & Gökcen Savasci & Tanmay Banerjee & Viola Duppel & Susanne Dörfler & Martin M. J. Grundei & Asbjörn M. Burow & Christian Ochsenfeld & Stefan Kaskel & Bettina V. Lotsch, 2018. "Topochemical conversion of an imine- into a thiazole-linked covalent organic framework enabling real structure analysis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Enquan Jin & Juan Li & Keyu Geng & Qiuhong Jiang & Hong Xu & Qing Xu & Donglin Jiang, 2018. "Designed synthesis of stable light-emitting two-dimensional sp2 carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-10, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiaohua Fu & Xinyu Song & Qingxing Zheng & Chang Liu & Kun Li & Qijin Luo & Jianyu Chen & Zhenxing Wang & Jian Luo, 2022. "Frontier Materials for Adsorption of Antimony and Arsenic in Aqueous Environments: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-27, August.

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