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Integral PWR-Type Small Modular Reactor Developmental Status, Design Characteristics and Passive Features: A Review

Author

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  • Chireuding Zeliang

    (Faculty of Energy Systems and Nuclear Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada)

  • Yi Mi

    (Faculty of Energy Systems and Nuclear Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada)

  • Akira Tokuhiro

    (Faculty of Energy Systems and Nuclear Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada)

  • Lixuan Lu

    (Faculty of Energy Systems and Nuclear Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada)

  • Aleksey Rezvoi

    (Faculty of Energy Systems and Nuclear Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada)

Abstract

In recent years, the trend in small modular reactor (SMR) technology development has been towards the water-cooled integral pressurized water reactor (iPWR) type. The innovative and unique characteristics of iPWR-type SMRs provide an enhanced safety margin, and thus offer the potential to expand the use of safe, clean, and reliable nuclear energy to a broad range of energy applications. Currently in the world, there are about eleven (11) iPWR-type SMRs concepts and designs that are in various phases of development: under construction, licensed or in the licensing review process, the development phase, and conceptual design phase. Lack of national and/or internatonal comparative framework for safety in SMR design, as well as the proprietary nature of designs introduces non-uniformity and uncertainties in regulatory review. That said, the major primary reactor coolant system components, such as the steam generator (SG), pressurizer (PRZ), and control rod drive mechanism (CRDM) are integrated within the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) to inherently eliminate or minimize potential accident initiators, such as LB-loss of coolant accidents (LOCAs). This paper presents the design status, innovative features and characteristics of iPWR-type SMRs. We delineate the common technology trends, and highlight the key features of each design. These reactor concepts exploit natural physical laws such as gravity to achieve the safety functions with high level of margin and reliability. In fact, many SMR designs employ passive safety systems (PSS) to meet the evolving stringent regulatory requirements, and the extended consideration for severe accidents. A generic classification of PSS is provided. We constrain our discussion to the decay heat removal system, safety injection system, reactor depressurization system, and containment system. A review and comparative assessment of these passive features in each iPWR-type SMR design is considered, and we underline how it maybe more advantageous to employ passive systems in SMRs in contrast to conventional reactor designs.

Suggested Citation

  • Chireuding Zeliang & Yi Mi & Akira Tokuhiro & Lixuan Lu & Aleksey Rezvoi, 2020. "Integral PWR-Type Small Modular Reactor Developmental Status, Design Characteristics and Passive Features: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-22, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:11:p:2898-:d:367978
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Byun, Hyeon-Ho & Yim, Man-Sung, 2025. "Genetic algorithm-based non-synchronous unit-specific optimal load-following control of multi-unit small modular reactor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    2. Pablo Fernández-Arias & Diego Vergara & Álvaro Antón-Sancho, 2023. "Bibliometric Review and Technical Summary of PWR Small Modular Reactors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-15, July.
    3. Jianhui Wu & Jingen Chen & Chunyan Zou & Xiaoxiao Li, 2022. "Accident Modeling and Analysis of Nuclear Reactors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-3, August.
    4. Carlo L. Vinoya & Aristotle T. Ubando & Alvin B. Culaba & Wei-Hsin Chen, 2023. "State-of-the-Art Review of Small Modular Reactors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-30, April.
    5. Luo, Run & Li, Yadong & Guo, Huiyu & Wang, Qi & Wang, Xiaolie, 2024. "Cross-operating-condition fault diagnosis of a small module reactor based on CNN-LSTM transfer learning with limited data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    6. Seyed Hadi Ghazaie & Khashayar Sadeghi & Ekaterina Sokolova & Evgeniy Fedorovich & Amirsaeed Shirani, 2020. "Comparative Analysis of Hybrid Desalination Technologies Powered by SMR," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-17, September.

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