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Modelling Load Profiles of Heat Pumps

Author

Listed:
  • Jochen Conrad

    (Forschungsstelle für Energiewirtschaft e. V., 80995 Munich, Germany)

  • Simon Greif

    (Forschungsstelle für Energiewirtschaft e. V., 80995 Munich, Germany)

Abstract

Approximately one quarter of energy-related emissions in Germany are caused by the domestic sector. At 81%, the largest share of these emissions is due to heat supply. Many measures are available to reduce these emissions. One of these measures, which is considered to play an important role in many studies, is the replacement of fossil-fired boilers with electric heat pumps. In order to be able to analyse the impact of high penetrations of heat pumps on the energy system, the coefficient of performance (COP) must be modelled with high temporal resolution. In this study, a methodology is presented on how to calculate high-resolution COPs and the electrical load of heat pumps based on thermal load curves and temperature time series. The COP is determined by the reciprocal Carnot factor. Since heat pumps are often designed bivalently due to the cost structure, the methodology described can also be used for evaluating the combination of immersion heater and heat pump (here for the air/water heat pump). As a result the theoretical hourly COPs determined are calibrated with annual performance factors from field tests. The modelled COPs show clear differences. Currently, mostly air source heat pumps are installed in Germany. If this trend continues, the maximum electrical load of the heat supply will increase more than would be the case with higher shares of ground source heat pumps.

Suggested Citation

  • Jochen Conrad & Simon Greif, 2019. "Modelling Load Profiles of Heat Pumps," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-11, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:4:p:766-:d:208936
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Krzysztof Nowak & Sławomir Rabczak, 2020. "Technical and Economic Analysis of the External Surface Heating System on the Example of a Car Park," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Tobias Hübner, 2020. "Small-Scale Modelling of Individual Greenhouse Gas Abatement Measures in Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-43, April.
    3. Filip Bartyzel & Tomasz Wegiel & Magdalena Kozień-Woźniak & Marek Czamara, 2022. "Numerical Simulation of Operating Parameters of the Ground Source Heat Pump," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, January.
    4. Ferenc Szodrai, 2020. "Heat Sink Shape and Topology Optimization with Pareto-Vector Length Optimization for Air Cooling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-15, April.
    5. Müller, Mathias & Blume, Yannic & Reinhard, Janis, 2022. "Impact of behind-the-meter optimised bidirectional electric vehicles on the distribution grid load," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    6. Paula Sankelo & Kaiser Ahmed & Alo Mikola & Jarek Kurnitski, 2022. "Renovation Results of Finnish Single-Family Renovation Subsidies: Oil Boiler Replacement with Heat Pumps," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-18, October.
    7. Halilovic, Smajil & Odersky, Leonhard & Hamacher, Thomas, 2022. "Integration of groundwater heat pumps into energy system optimization models," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).

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