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Consensus-Based SOC Balancing of Battery Energy Storage Systems in Wind Farm

Author

Listed:
  • Cao-Khang Nguyen

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, Songdo-dong, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea)

  • Thai-Thanh Nguyen

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, Songdo-dong, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea)

  • Hyeong-Jun Yoo

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, Songdo-dong, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea)

  • Hak-Man Kim

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, Songdo-dong, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea
    Research Institute for Northeast Asian Super Grid, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea)

Abstract

Multiple battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are used to compensate for the fluctuation in wind generations effectively. The stage of charge (SOC) of BESSs might be unbalanced due to the difference of wind speed, initial SOCs, line impedances and capabilities of BESSs, which have a negative impact on the operation of the wind farm. This paper proposes a distributed control of the wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on dynamic average consensus algorithm to balance the SOC of the BESSs in a wind farm. There are three controllers in the WECS with integrated BESS, including a machine-side controller (MSC), the grid-side controller (GSC) and battery-side controller (BSC). The MSC regulates the generator speed to capture maximum wind power. Since the BSC maintains the DC link voltage of the back-to-back (BTB) converter that is used in the WECS, an improved virtual synchronous generator (VSG) based on consensus algorithm is used for the GSC to control the output power of the WECS. The functionalities of the improved VSG are designed to compensate for the wind power fluctuation and imbalance of SOC among BESSs. The average value of SOCs obtained by the dynamic consensus algorithm is used to adjust the wind power output for balancing the SOC of batteries. With the proposed controller, the fluctuation in the output power of wind generation is reduced, and the SOCs of BESSs are maintained equally. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is validated through the simulation by using a MATLAB/Simulink environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Cao-Khang Nguyen & Thai-Thanh Nguyen & Hyeong-Jun Yoo & Hak-Man Kim, 2018. "Consensus-Based SOC Balancing of Battery Energy Storage Systems in Wind Farm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:12:p:3507-:d:190962
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cao-Khang Nguyen & Thai-Thanh Nguyen & Hyeong-Jun Yoo & Hak-Man Kim, 2017. "Improving Transient Response of Power Converter in a Stand-Alone Microgrid Using Virtual Synchronous Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-17, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Su-Been Hong & Thai-Thanh Nguyen & Jinhong Jeon & Hak-Man Kim, 2020. "Distributed Operation of Microgrids Considering Secondary Frequency Restoration Based on the Diffusion Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-14, June.
    2. Guodong You & Tao Xu & Honglin Su & Xiaoxin Hou & Jisheng Li, 2019. "Fault-Tolerant Control for Actuator Faults of Wind Energy Conversion System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Ganggang Tu & Yanjun Li & Ji Xiang, 2019. "Analysis, Control and Optimal Placement of Static Synchronous Compensator with/without Battery Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-20, December.
    4. Yingming Liu & Yingwei Wang & Xiaodong Wang & Jiangsheng Zhu & Wai Hou Lio, 2019. "Active Power Dispatch for Supporting Grid Frequency Regulation in Wind Farms Considering Fatigue Load," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-23, April.

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