Aerial Spray Droplet Deposition Determination Based on Fluorescence Correction: Exploring the Combination of a Chemical Colorant and Water-Sensitive Paper

With the rapid development of precision agriculture spraying technology, the evaluation and detection of deposition effects have gradually become research hotspots. Rhodamine-B is often used for the quantitative elution detection of droplet deposition due to its fluorescent properties. In contrast, the method of detecting droplet deposition using water-sensitive paper (WSP) is simple to operate. However, it often faces issues with measurement accuracy due to factors such as irregular droplet diffusion and the excessive hydrophilicity of the sampler material. Based on this, the study proposes a method for correcting WSP deposition assays by using the quantitative elution of chemical colorants as a baseline reference. Experiments were conducted using a DJI T30 unmanned aerial spraying system (UASS) as the spray carrier, with four types of samplers— Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBL), Malus spectabilis leaves (MS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cards, and WSP—fixed at nine different angles. The deposition amounts of five concentrations of Rhodamine-B stain sprayed on the samplers were then compared. The results indicate that the correction factor can be influenced by various factors, including the environment, the type of sampler, the concentration of the sprayed colorant, and the angle of the sampler. Deposition correction coefficients for WSP with different samplers were determined to be in the ranges of 1.507 to 1.547 (WSP–GBL), 1.471 to 1.478 (WSP–MS), and 1.312 to 1.391 (WSP–PVC), respectively. The study confirmed the feasibility of the proposed fluorescence-corrected aerial spray droplet deposition method, which retains the advantages of two existing typical deposition determination methods. Additionally, pre-tests should be tailored to experimental conditions, and the choice of colorant concentration should be carefully considered.