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Effects of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Gigaspora albida (Gigasporaceae) on the Physiology, Growth, and Na/K Balance of Creole Corn (Poaceae) Under Different Salinity Levels

Author

Listed:
  • Maria Valdiglezia de Mesquita Arruda

    (Soil and Water Salinity Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid—UFERSA, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil)

  • Nildo da Silva Dias

    (Soil and Water Salinity Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid—UFERSA, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil)

  • Cynthia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque

    (Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboatory, State University of Rio Grande do Norte—(UERN), Mossoró 59610-210, Brazil)

  • Eduardo Cezar Medeiros Saldanha

    (Soil and Water Salinity Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid—UFERSA, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil)

  • Pedro Henrique de Araújo Gurgel

    (Soil and Water Salinity Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid—UFERSA, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil)

  • Marcondes Ferreira Costa Filho

    (Soil and Water Salinity Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid—UFERSA, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil)

  • Matheus Henrique de Alencar Souza

    (Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboatory, State University of Rio Grande do Norte—(UERN), Mossoró 59610-210, Brazil)

  • Natanael da Silva Rodrigues

    (Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboatory, State University of Rio Grande do Norte—(UERN), Mossoró 59610-210, Brazil)

  • Marcelo Augusto Costa Lima

    (Soil and Water Salinity Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid—UFERSA, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil)

  • Maria Elisa da Costa Souza

    (Soil and Water Salinity Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid—UFERSA, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil)

  • Leonardo Ângelo Mendonça

    (Soil and Water Salinity Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid—UFERSA, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil)

  • Kleane Targino Oliveira Pereira

    (Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboatory, State University of Rio Grande do Norte—(UERN), Mossoró 59610-210, Brazil)

  • Rômulo Carantino Lucena Moreira

    (Soil and Water Salinity Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid—UFERSA, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil)

  • Micharlyson Carlos de Morais

    (Soil and Water Salinity Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid—UFERSA, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil)

  • José Francismar de Medeiros

    (Soil and Water Salinity Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid—UFERSA, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil)

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) can alleviate salt stress in plants by promoting growth. The mitigating effect of the AMF Gigaspora albida on the physiology, growth, and Na⁺/K⁺ balance in heirloom maize under different dilutions of saline wastewater was evaluated. The study was conducted in a greenhouse under a completely randomized design (CRD) in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme, with six replicates. The treatments consisted of three mycorrhizal conditions (M1—control plants without the AMF; M2—plants inoculated with G. albida; and M3—plants inoculated with G. albida plus the soil microbiota) and four levels of electrical conductivity (ECw): 0.5, 1.8, 3.1, and 4.4 dS m −1 . The results indicate that saline wastewater affects the physiology of heirloom maize. The symbiosis in M2 and M3 mitigated the stress in PSII by dissipating heat. The M3 treatment alleviated ionic stress in maize, reduced the Na⁺/K⁺ ratio in the aerial part, and increased the MSPA, MSRA, AP, and DC at EC a levels of 1.8 and 3.1 dS m −1 . The M1 plants adapted by investing in root growth to tolerate the high salinity. In M2, the plant–AMF interaction did not mitigate the effects of high salinity, showing the worst growth performance. The saline wastewater reduced the percentage of G. albida colonization. An EC a of 2.9 dS m −1 favored a high spore density.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Valdiglezia de Mesquita Arruda & Nildo da Silva Dias & Cynthia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque & Eduardo Cezar Medeiros Saldanha & Pedro Henrique de Araújo Gurgel & Marcondes Ferreira Costa Filho & Ma, 2025. "Effects of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Gigaspora albida (Gigasporaceae) on the Physiology, Growth, and Na/K Balance of Creole Corn (Poaceae) Under Different Salinity Levels," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-27, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:6:p:660-:d:1616477
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yanyan Zhou & Donghui Liu & Fengqiao Li & Yuanhua Dong & Zhili Jin & Yangwenke Liao & Xiaohui Li & Shuguang Peng & Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo & Xiaogang Li, 2024. "Superiority of native soil core microbiomes in supporting plant growth," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Ndiaye Ibra Ndiate & Qamar uz Zaman & Imade Nosakahre Francis & Oyeyemi Adigun Dada & Abdul Rehman & Muhammad Asif & Deborah Goffner & Aboubacry Kane & Cai Liqun & Fasih Ullah Haider, 2022. "Soil Amendment with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Biochar Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth, and Lipid Metabolism of Common Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-18, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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