An Instance Segmentation Method for Agricultural Plastic Residual Film on Cotton Fields Based on RSE-YOLO-Seg

To address the challenges of multi-scale missed detections, false positives, and incomplete boundary segmentation in cotton field residual plastic film detection, this study proposes the RSE-YOLO-Seg model. First, a PKI module (adaptive receptive field) is integrated into the C3K2 block and combined with the SegNext attention mechanism (multi-scale convolutional kernels) to capture multi-scale residual film features. Second, RFCAConv replaces standard convolutional layers to differentially process regions and receptive fields of different sizes, and an Efficient-Head is designed to reduce parameters. Finally, an NM-IoU loss function is proposed to enhance small residual film detection and boundary segmentation. Experiments on a self-constructed dataset show that RSE-YOLO-Seg improves the object detection average precision (mAP50(B)) by 3% and mask segmentation average precision (mAP50(M)) by 2.7% compared with the baseline, with all module improvements being statistically significant ( p < 0.05). Across four complex scenarios, it exhibits stronger robustness than mainstream models (YOLOv5n-seg, YOLOv8n-seg, YOLOv10n-seg, YOLO11n-seg), and achieves 17/38 FPS on Jetson Nano B01/Orin. Additionally, when combined with DeepSORT, compared with random image sampling, the mean error between predicted and actual residual film area decreases from 232.30 cm 2 to 142.00 cm 2 , and the root mean square error (RMSE) drops from 251.53 cm 2 to 130.25 cm 2 . This effectively mitigates pose-induced random errors in static images and significantly improves area estimation accuracy.