Design and Parameter Optimization of Drum Pick-Up Machine Based on Archimedean Curve

Stones in farmland soil affect the efficiency of agricultural mechanization and the efficient growth of crops. In order to solve the problems of traditional stone pickers, such as large soil disturbance, high soil content and low picking rate, this paper introduces the Archimedean curve with constant radial expansion characteristics into the design of the core working parts of the drum picker and designs a new type of drum stone picker. The key components such as spiral blades, rollers, and scrapers were theoretically analyzed, the structural parameters of the main components were determined, and the reliability of the spiral blades was checked using ANSYS Workbench software. Through the preliminary stone-picking performance test, the forward speed of the stone picker, the rotation speed of the drum, and the starting sliding angle of the spiral blade were determined as the test influencing factors. The picking rate and soil content of the stone picker were determined as the test indicators. The response surface test was carried out in the Design-Expert13.0 software. The results show that, when the forward speed of the stone picker is 0.726 m/s, the drum speed is 30 rpm, and the initial sliding angle of the spiral blade is 26.214°, the picking rate is 91.458% and the soil content is 3.513%. Field tests were carried out with the same parameters, and the picking rate was 91.42% and the soil content was 3.567%, with errors of 0.038% and 0.054% compared with the predicted values, indicating that the stone picker meets the field operation requirements. These research results can provide new ideas and technical paths for improving the performance of pickers and are of great value in promoting the development of advanced harvesting equipment and the efficient use of agricultural resources.