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Deciphering Heat Stress Mechanisms and Developing Mitigation Strategies in Dairy Cattle: A Multi-Omics Perspective

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  • Zhiyi Xiong

    (Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China)

  • Lin Li

    (Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China)

  • Kehui Ouyang

    (Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China)

  • Mingren Qu

    (Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China)

  • Qinghua Qiu

    (Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China)

Abstract

Heat stress (HS) in dairy cattle triggers systemic physiological disruptions, including milk yield decline, immune suppression, and reproductive dysfunction, jeopardizing sustainable livestock production. While conventional single-omics or phenotypic studies have provided fragmented insights, they fail to decipher the multi-layered regulatory networks and gene–environment interactions underlying HS. This review integrates current knowledge on HS-induced physiological responses and molecular adaptations in dairy cattle from a multi-omics perspective, highlighting integrative approaches that combine IoT-enabled monitoring and AI-driven genetic improvement strategies. However, key challenges persist, such as complexities in bioinformatic data integration, CRISPR off-target effects, and ethical controversies. Future directions will emphasize the development and application of AI-aided predictive models to enable precision breeding, thereby advancing climate-resilient genetic improvement in dairy cattle.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhiyi Xiong & Lin Li & Kehui Ouyang & Mingren Qu & Qinghua Qiu, 2025. "Deciphering Heat Stress Mechanisms and Developing Mitigation Strategies in Dairy Cattle: A Multi-Omics Perspective," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:14:p:1477-:d:1698553
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