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Estimation of Available Phosphorus Under Phosphorus Fertilization in Paddy Fields of a Cold Region Using Several Extraction Methods: A Case Study from Yamagata, Japan

Author

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  • Shuhei Tsumuraya

    (Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan)

  • Hisashi Nasukawa

    (Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan)

  • Ryosuke Tajima

    (Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan)

Abstract

Assessing available phosphorus (P) in paddy fields is challenging due to waterlogging-induced reducing conditions. This study tested the applicability of the Truog, Bray 2, and Mehlich 3 extraction methods in both air-dried and incubated soils, as well as the ascorbic-acid-reduced Bray 2 (AR Bray 2), which simulates reducing conditions, for evaluating rice growth under P fertilization. In addition, to investigate the chemical characteristics of the extraction methods, active Al and Fe and P sequential extractions were measured. Soil samples from four representative regions in Yamagata Prefecture were used. Pot cultivation tests using ‘Haenuki’ and ‘Tsuyahime’ cultivars were conducted with varying P fertilizer levels. Variations in P availability across soil types were influenced by levels of active Al and Fe. Sequential extractions identified NaHCO 3 -P and NaOH-P fractions as important for P availability. Bray 2 in both soils and AR Bray 2 were the most effective methods, showing a strong saturating exponential correlation with rice growth and P uptake, whereas Mehlich 3 and Truog showed weaker correlations. Bray 2 and AR Bray 2 show potential but require further evaluation for practical application due to the small number of soils. Future efforts should prioritize developing methods that account for P dynamics under reducing conditions, thereby improving P management strategies and supporting sustainable rice production.

Suggested Citation

  • Shuhei Tsumuraya & Hisashi Nasukawa & Ryosuke Tajima, 2025. "Estimation of Available Phosphorus Under Phosphorus Fertilization in Paddy Fields of a Cold Region Using Several Extraction Methods: A Case Study from Yamagata, Japan," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:13:p:1453-:d:1695556
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. M. Kulhánek & J. Balík & J. Černý & V. Vaněk, 2009. "Evaluation of phosphorus mobility in soil using different extraction methods," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 55(7), pages 267-272.
    2. R. Wuenscher & H. Unterfrauner & R. Peticzka & F. Zehetner, 2015. "A comparison of 14 soil phosphorus extraction methods applied to 50 agricultural soils from Central Europe," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 61(2), pages 86-96.
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