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Willow ( Salix acmophylla Boiss.) Leaf and Branch Extracts Inhibit In Vitro Sporulation of Coccidia ( Eimeria spp.) from Goats

Author

Listed:
  • Manal Haj-Zaroubi

    (Institute of Applied Research, The Galilee Society, P.O. Box 437, Shefa-Amr 2020000, Israel
    Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty of Management, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel)

  • Nariman Mattar

    (Institute of Applied Research, The Galilee Society, P.O. Box 437, Shefa-Amr 2020000, Israel)

  • Sami Awabdeh

    (National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Amman 19381, Jordan)

  • Rawad Sweidan

    (National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Amman 19381, Jordan)

  • Alex Markovics

    (Department of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 12, Bet Dagan 5025001, Israel)

  • Joshua D. Klein

    (Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Le Ziyyon 7505101, Israel)

  • Hassan Azaizeh

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Biotechnology, and Water Sciences, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12208, Israel)

Abstract

Willow ( Salix spp.) trees, found worldwide, contain secondary metabolites that are valuable as dietary supplements for animal feed and as antiparasitic compounds. We quantified secondary metabolites (phenolics, flavonoids, and salicylic acid) in ethanolic extracts from leaves and branches of three Salix acmophylla Boiss. genotypes and investigated their potential to inhibit Eimeria sp. sporulation, a major concern in ruminants. The total phenolic content of willow leaves and branches was similar in two of three different genotypes. The total flavonoid content of the branches was significantly higher than that of leaves of the same genotype; however, the salicylic acid content was significantly higher in leaves than in branches. Importantly, all extracts exhibited significant inhibition of Eimeria sporulation, where over 70% inhibition was obtained at concentrations as low as 750 mgL −1 . The sporulation inhibition by branch or leaf extracts exceeded 80% for leaves and 90% for branches at concentrations above 1250 mgL −1 . The study highlights the potential of using Salix extracts as bioactive compounds for biological control of coccidiosis in ruminants. We conclude that all parts and all investigated genotypes of S. acmophylla can provide secondary metabolites that act as a coccidiostat to treat Eimeria in goats.

Suggested Citation

  • Manal Haj-Zaroubi & Nariman Mattar & Sami Awabdeh & Rawad Sweidan & Alex Markovics & Joshua D. Klein & Hassan Azaizeh, 2024. "Willow ( Salix acmophylla Boiss.) Leaf and Branch Extracts Inhibit In Vitro Sporulation of Coccidia ( Eimeria spp.) from Goats," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-10, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:5:p:648-:d:1380648
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