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Optimal Sand−Paving Parameters Determination of an Innovatively Developed Automatic Maize Seeding Machine

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  • Bohan Fu

    (Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture System Integration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
    Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
    College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Weizhong Sun

    (Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture System Integration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
    Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
    College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Zhao Zhang

    (Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture System Integration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
    Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
    College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
    Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA)

Abstract

Maize is an important crop to ensure food safety. High-quality seeds can guarantee a good yield. The maize seed germination rate is the most important information for the maize industry, which can be obtained through the seed germination test. An essential stage in determining the germination rate is the planting of the seeds. The current seed planting process is fully manual, which is labor-intensive and costly, and it requires the development of an autonomous seeding machine. This research developed an automatic maize seeding machine, consisting of four operations: paving sand, seed layout, watering, and covering the seed. Among the four procedures, sand paving is a crucial step, the performance of which is affected by the gate opening size, conveyor speed, and sensor mounting location. Three performance evaluating factors are the weight of sand in the tray, the volume of sand left on the conveyor, and sand surface flatness. A full factorial experiment was designed with three variables and three levels to determine an appropriate factor combination. RGB-D information was used to calculate the volume of sand left on the conveyor and sand flatness. An analytic hierarchy process was employed to assign weights to the three evaluation indicators and score the various combinations of factors. The machine for paving sand achieved a satisfactory result with an opening size of 10.8 mm, a sensor distance of 9 cm, and a conveyor belt speed of 5.1 cm/s. With the most satisfactory factors determined, the machine shows superior performance to better meet practical applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Bohan Fu & Weizhong Sun & Zhao Zhang, 2023. "Optimal Sand−Paving Parameters Determination of an Innovatively Developed Automatic Maize Seeding Machine," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:8:p:1538-:d:1208693
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ying Wang & Sen Yang & Jian Sun & Ziguang Liu & Xinmiao He & Jinyou Qiao, 2023. "Effects of Tillage and Sowing Methods on Soil Physical Properties and Corn Plant Characters," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-15, March.
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