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Biomass Fuel Production through Cultivation of Microalgae Coccomyxa dispar and Scenedesmus parvus in Palm Oil Mill Effluent and Simultaneous Phycoremediation

Author

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  • Wen Ching Ooi

    (Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia)

  • Debbie Dominic

    (Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Asyraf Kassim

    (Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia)

  • Siti Baidurah

    (Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia)

Abstract

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a potential alternative sources of biomass fuel upon phycoremediation treatment using microorganisms. In this study, Coccomyxa dispar and Scenedesmus parvus , as acidophilic microalgae, were used to investigate growth and the production of biomass fuel from the cultivation of POME, as well the effectiveness of removing contaminants from POME. Individual cultivation was conducted at 26 ± 3 °C for 14 days under three growth modes (mixotrophic, heterotrophic, and autotrophic). To elucidate the potential phycoremediation properties, the characteristics of treated POME were compared, such as optical density (OD), cell dry weight (CDW), calorific energy values (CEV), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen (CHN) elemental analysis, including oil and grease content. S. parvus exhibits an outstanding growth profile for all growth modes compared to C. dispar , with measurements of 228.8, 37.08, and 118.2 mg/L observed at day 14 of cultivation. The highest CEV is 32.30 MJ/kg, which was obtained from S. parvus in the mixotrophic mode. Maximum removal efficiency for COD and BOD was 81% and 19% in the mixotrophic growth mode with S. parvus . These results pinpoint that S. parvus has the potential to be utilized for biomass fuel production with high CEV and effective POME phycoremediation.

Suggested Citation

  • Wen Ching Ooi & Debbie Dominic & Mohd Asyraf Kassim & Siti Baidurah, 2023. "Biomass Fuel Production through Cultivation of Microalgae Coccomyxa dispar and Scenedesmus parvus in Palm Oil Mill Effluent and Simultaneous Phycoremediation," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:2:p:336-:d:1051147
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sharifah Mohammad & Siti Baidurah & Naofumi Kamimura & Seitaro Matsuda & Nurul Alia Syufina Abu Bakar & Nik Nur Izzati Muhamad & Aizat Hisham Ahmad & Debbie Dominic & Takaomi Kobayashi, 2021. "Fermentation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent in the Presence of Lysinibacillus sp. LC 556247 to Produce Alternative Biomass Fuel," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-18, October.
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