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Antioxidant Capacity of Chitosan on Sorghum Plants under Salinity Stress

Author

Listed:
  • Takalani Mulaudzi

    (Life Sciences Building, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa)

  • Mulisa Nkuna

    (Life Sciences Building, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa)

  • Gershwin Sias

    (Life Sciences Building, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa)

  • Ibrahima Zan Doumbia

    (Life Sciences Building, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa)

  • Njagi Njomo

    (SensorLab, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa)

  • Emmanuel Iwuoha

    (SensorLab, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa)

Abstract

Salinity stress is one of the major environmental constraints responsible for the reductions in agricultural productivity. Salinity affects crop growth, by causing osmotic and ionic stresses, which induce oxidative damage due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exogenous application of natural compounds can reduce the negative impacts of salinity stress on plants. This study evaluated the antioxidant capacity of chitosan, a biopolymer to reduce the salt-induced oxidative damage on sorghum plants. Morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of sorghum plants stressed with 300 mM NaCl, in combination with chitosan (0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL), were assayed. Salt stress decreased growth, fresh (66.92%) and dry (48.26%) weights, affected the shape and size of the stomata, caused deformation of the xylem and phloem layers, and increased the Na + /K + (1.3) and Na + /Si + (5.4) ratios. However, chitosan effectively reversed these negative effects, as supported by decreased Na + /Si + ratio (~0.9) and formed silica phytoliths. Oxidative stress was exerted as observed by increased H 2 O 2 (44%) and malondialdehyde (125%) contents under salt stress, followed by their reduction in chitosan-treated sorghum plants. Salt increased proline (318.67%), total soluble sugars (44.69%), and activities of SOD (36.04%) and APX (131.58%), indicating sorghum’s ROS scavenging capacity. The antioxidant capacity of chitosan was measured by determining its ability to reduce oxidative damage and minimizing the induction of the antioxidant defense system. Chitosan reduced oxidative stress markers, proline, total soluble sugars, and the antioxidant enzyme activities by more than 50%. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra of chitosan-treated samples confirmed a reduction in the degradation of biomolecules, and this correlated with reduced oxidative stress. The results suggest that chitosan’s antioxidant capacity to alleviate the effects of salt stress is related to its role in improving silicon accumulation in sorghum plants.

Suggested Citation

  • Takalani Mulaudzi & Mulisa Nkuna & Gershwin Sias & Ibrahima Zan Doumbia & Njagi Njomo & Emmanuel Iwuoha, 2022. "Antioxidant Capacity of Chitosan on Sorghum Plants under Salinity Stress," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:10:p:1544-:d:924480
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tharani Gopalakrishnan & Lalit Kumar, 2020. "Modeling and Mapping of Soil Salinity and its Impact on Paddy Lands in Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-15, October.
    2. Pablo Rugero Magalhães Dourado & Edivan Rodrigues de Souza & Monaliza Alves dos Santos & Cintia Maria Teixeira Lins & Danilo Rodrigues Monteiro & Martha Katharinne Silva Souza Paulino & Bruce Schaffer, 2022. "Stomatal Regulation and Osmotic Adjustment in Sorghum in Response to Salinity," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-12, May.
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