Development of the Strategic Perception Scale for Businesses (SPSB)

The aim of this study is to develop a multidimensional, valid, and reliable scale to measure the strategic perceptions of businesses operating in the Turkish business environment. Based on the existing literature, relevant sectors, and international indices, an eight-factor structure was established, consisting of Innovation and Global Openness, Perceptions of the General Business Environment, Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility, Expectations Regarding Human Capital, Technology and Digitalization, Perceptions of Risk and Crisis Management, Perceptions of Market Dynamics, and Agility of the Management Structure. The developed scale is grounded in the structural characteristics of businesses operating in Türkiye and other developing countries. The scale development process involved a comprehensive literature review, expert evaluations using the Content Validity Index (CVI), a pre-test, and a pilot study. Subsequently, data were collected online from 499 professionals working in different sectors in Türkiye between February 2025 and March 2025. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, along with reliability analyses, were conducted on the collected data. As a result of the analyses, a measurement instrument consisting of 32 items and 8 factors, with a reliability coefficient of 0.926, was obtained and named the Strategic Perception Scale for Businesses (SPSB). The findings indicate that the scale can be effectively used in both academic research and corporate strategic planning processes. Moreover, the scale is proposed as a practical tool capable of monitoring strategic orientations in developing economies and supporting managerial decision-making processes in uncertain environments.