A Review of Literature on the Effective Pedagogy Strategies for Online Teaching and Learning in Higher Education Institutions: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic

This paper reviews the literature on the effective pedagogy for online teaching and learning at Higher Education Institutions throughout the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. The global higher education system has been severely hampered by the COVID-19 pandemic. The sudden and enormous desire for previously face-to-face academic disciplines to be delivered online has posed a unique challenge. Online teaching and learning necessitate a certain level of technological pedagogical content knowledge for effective pedagogic strategies, which are primarily concerned with planning and arranging for better learning opportunities and creating distinct learning environments through the use of digital technology. The effectiveness of lesson delivery with technology integration is characterized as technological pedagogical content knowledge. It is a significant application in all aspects of learning that are necessary for the teaching and learning process. Consequently, this theoretical paper proposes a conceptual model for comprehending the link between effective pedagogy and technological pedagogical content knowledge, both of which result in students' academic performance in an online teaching and learning context. This theoretical paper recommends that Higher Education Institutions have fundamental technological infrastructure and equip educators and students with advanced technologies applicable to online teaching and learning platforms, which is consistent with an Online Collaborative Learning theory. Educators must also be able to effectively use digital technology systems to deliver online lessons. According to this model, Higher Education Institutions will benefit through providing students with essential technical skills that today's employers require and ensuring that universities around the world remain competitive.