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Claves en la evolución de México dentro de la cadena de valor global de la industria de autopartes. El caso del Bajío

Author

Listed:
  • Lampón, Jesús F.

    (Universidad de Vigo)

  • Cabanelas, Pablo

    (Universidad de Vigo)

  • Delgado Guzmán, José Alfredo

    (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México)

Abstract

Background: The Global Value Chain (GVC) is a recurrent approach to analyse the changes in the production geography in the auto-parts industry. Attending to GVC, certain regions have the decision power to coordinate the productive and technological innovation. This spatial model is dynamic and it is thus possible to modify the initial status of a region within GVC. This paper aims to analyse the keys in the evolution of Mexico in the auto-parts sector from the GVC perspective, focusing on the development of home companies and the role of institutions. Methodology: The methodology combines a qualitative and quantitative analysis to compare key variables from domestic firms and institutions belonging to a Mexican region (el Bajío) and a Spanish region with an intermediate status in the GVC (North-west region). Results: The multinationalization degree of Mexican companies, understood as the presence of leading domestic multinationals in the industry, is lower than in the Spanish region. Furthermore, Mexican domestic companies’ show activities with lower added value and complexity, and they are mostly simple suppliers of components or raw materials and therefore are not in the first levels of supply within the GVC. This reduces the technological innovation and it causes a scarce diversification of knowledge in the Mexican region, with competencies and capabilities comparatively simpler than in the Spanish one. Conclusions: The multinationalization and the technological innovation capacity of domestic companies are a key for Mexico to evolve within the automobile GVC. Regarding institutions, the improvement of some innovation infrastructures in terms of performance, and a better definition of public policies towards the multinationalization and the promotion of technological innovation in domestic companies can favour the evolution of Mexico within the GVC.// Antecedentes: la cadena de valor global (GVC, por sus siglas en inglés) es un enfoque muy recurrido para analizar los cambios en la geografía productiva en el sector de autopartes. Con este enfoque, determinadas regiones tienen poder de decisión en la coordinación de actividades productivas y de innovación tecnológica. Como este modelo espacial es dinámico, es posible cambiar el estatus inicial de una región dentro de la GVC. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las claves de la evolución de México en el sector de autopartes bajo la perspectiva de la GVC y pone el foco en el desarrollo de las empresas domésticas y en el papel de las instituciones. Metodología: se combina un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo para comparar variables clave de las empresas domésticas e instituciones de una región mexicana (el Bajío) con las de una región de España, con un estatus intermedio dentro de la GVC (región noroeste). Resultados: el grado de multinacionalización de las empresas mexicanas, entendido como la presencia de multinacionales domésticas líderes en el sector, es muy bajo comparado con el de las empresas españolas. Además, las empresas mexicanas presentan actividades con menor valor añadido y complejidad, y son mayoritariamente proveedores simples de componentes o materias primas no posicionadas en los primeros niveles de suministro de la GVC. Esto merma la innovación tecnológica y repercute en una escasa diversificación en conocimiento de la región mexicana, con competencias y capacidades comparativamente más simples. Conclusiones: la multinacionalización y la capacidad de innovación tecnológica de las empresas domésticas son clave para que México evolucione en la GVC del sector. En la medida en que las instituciones públicas mejoren el desempeño de algunas de las infraestructuras de innovación y el fomento de las políticas públicas hacia la multinacionalización y la innovación tecnológica de las empresas domésticas, se favorecerá la evolución de México dentro de la GVC del sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Lampón, Jesús F. & Cabanelas, Pablo & Delgado Guzmán, José Alfredo, 2018. "Claves en la evolución de México dentro de la cadena de valor global de la industria de autopartes. El caso del Bajío," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(339), pages .483-514, julio-sep.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:85:y:2018:i:339:p:483-514
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v85i339.259
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    Cited by:

    1. Reis, Germano Glufke & Villar, Eduardo Guedes & Prado Gimenez, Fernando Antonio & Maiolino Molento, Carla Forte & Ferri, Priscila, 2022. "The interplay of entrepreneurial ecosystems and global value chains: Insights from the cultivated meat entrepreneurial ecosystem of Singapore," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    2. Jesús F. Lampón, 2020. "The impact of uncertainty on production relocation: Implications from a regional perspective," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 99(3), pages 427-446, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    cadena de valor global; industria de autopartes; periferia; México; cadena de valor global; industria de autopartes; multinacionales;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
    • L23 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Organization of Production
    • L62 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment; Related Parts and Equipment
    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business

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