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Competencia y diferenciación de productos en el mercado mexicano de tarjetas de crédito

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  • Estrada, Ernesto

    (Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones (IFT))

Abstract

This paper studies competition in the market for credit cards in Mexico. It derives demand functions from a discrete choice model, and interest rates from an imperfect competition model, in both cases with differentiated products. These functions are estimated using panel data with 23 credit limit segments and 18 issuing banks between June 2011 and June 2015. The results indicate that there is imperfect competition with differentiated products, and that cards are closer substitutes when they belong to similar segments. Also, they reveal that interest rates respond to costs, although they also reflect supra-competitive margins. The analysis associates market power with the age of the account, which suggests possible information asymmetries and/or switching costs. In general, lower credit limits have higher rates, but also higher costs and lower margins. The results also contribute to assess potential effects of mergers between issuing banks. Finally, the paper presents some policy recommendations based on this evidence.// Este artículo estudia la competencia en el mercado mexicano de tarjetas de crédito. Deriva funciones de demanda de un modelo de elección discreta, y de tasas de interés de un modelo de competencia imperfecta, ambos con productos diferenciados. Estas funciones se estiman utilizando un panel de datos con 23 segmentos de límite de crédito y 18 bancos emisores entre junio del 2011 y junio del 2015. Los resultados indican que hay competencia imperfecta con productos diferenciados y que las tarjetas son sustitutas más cercanas cuando pertenecen a segmentos similares. Asimismo, revelan que las tasas responden a costos, aunque también reflejan márgenes supracompetitivos. El análisis asocia el poder de mercado con la antigüedad de la cuenta, lo que muestra posibles asimetrías de información o costos de traspaso. En general, menores límites de crédito tienen mayores tasas de interés, pero también mayores costos y menores márgenes. Los resultados también permiten evaluar posibles efectos de concentraciones entre bancos emisores. Finalmente, se hacen algunas recomendaciones de política con base en esta evidencia.

Suggested Citation

  • Estrada, Ernesto, 2016. "Competencia y diferenciación de productos en el mercado mexicano de tarjetas de crédito," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(332), pages .573-634, octubre-d.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:83:y:2016:i:332:p:573-634
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v83i332.234
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    tarjetas de crédito; diferenciación de productos; poder de mercado;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance
    • D82 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets

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