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Progresos y retrocesos del desarrollo económico de Chile en los gobiernos de la Concertación: 1990-2009

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  • Ffrench-Davis, Ricardo

    (Universidad de Chile)

Abstract

Economic policies and outcomes are examined covering the four Concertación governments in 1990-2009. It is shown that in these two decades, in contrast with the record of the dictatorship, the GDP per capita gap with developed economies was reduced significantly and inequality diminished moderately. However, the fast progress achieved in the first years of return to democracy (a GDP per capita growth of 5.4% annually in 1990-1998), dropped sharply in following years (to 2.3% in 1999-2009). The main cause is identified as a fundamental change in macroeconomic policies and in the persistent absence of productive development policies, increasingly relevant paripassu with progress along intermediate development stages. In all, nonetheless, per capita growth was notably higher than that achieved by the dictatorship (1.3% in 1974-1989 with increased inequality versus 3.7% in 1990-2009 and somewhat reduced inequality).// En este artículo se examinan las políticas económicas y sus efectos en los cuatro gobiernos de la Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia, en 1990-2009. Se comprueba que en esos dos decenios se logró reducir significativamente la brecha de ingreso por habitante con las economías más desarrolladas y reducir, moderadamente, la desigualdad del ingreso heredadas de la dictadura. Sin embargo, la fuerte velocidad del progreso en los primeros años de retorno a la democracia (un crecimiento per cápita de 5.4% anual en 1990-1998), disminuyó de manera significativa en los años siguientes (a 2.3% en 1999-2009). La causa principal se sitúa en un cambio fundamental en las políticas macroeconómicas y en la persistente ausencia de políticas de desarrollo productivo, crecientemente relevantes al avanzar a través de etapas intermedias de desarrollo. Con todo, durante los dos decenios, el crecimiento per cápita fue notablemente superior al registrado durante la dictadura (1.3% en 1974-1989 con acrecentada desigualdad, versus 3.7% y cierta reducción de la desigualdad en 1990-2009)

Suggested Citation

  • Ffrench-Davis, Ricardo, 2016. "Progresos y retrocesos del desarrollo económico de Chile en los gobiernos de la Concertación: 1990-2009," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(329), pages .5-34, enero-mar.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:83:y:2016:i:329:p:5-34
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v83i329.190
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    Cited by:

    1. Correa Mautz, Felipe, 2016. "Pobreza, desigualdad y estructura productiva en ciudades: evidencia desde Chile usando datos de panel," Desarrollo Productivo 40842, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Chile; macroeconomía real; pro y contracíclico; brechas recesivas; PIB potencial;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E60 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - General
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • F41 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Open Economy Macroeconomics
    • N16 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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