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La difusión de la tecnología relacionada con el comercio entre el Norte y el Sur. Círculos virtuosos de crecimiento en la América Latina

Author

Listed:
  • Schiff, Maurice

    (Banco Mundial)

  • Wang, Yanling

    (Universidad de Carleton, Ottawa)

Abstract

This paper examines the impact on total factor productivity (TFP) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and in other developing countries of trade-related technology diffusion from the North (denoted by NRD), education, and governance.The NRD of developing countries is defined as a weighted sum of R&D stocks in the North, with weights related to openness with the North’s trading partners. Industryspecific NRD is based on the North’s industry-specific R&D stocks, North-South trade patterns, and input-output relations in the South. The main findings are that: i) the impact of education and governance on TFP is significantly larger in LAC than in other developing countries, while the opposite holds for NRD; ii) education, governance and NRD have additional effects on TFP in LAC’s R&D-intensive industries through their interaction with the other two variables; and iii) since NRD increases with openness to the North and with the North’s R&D stocks, both variables raise the South’s TFP directly as well as through interaction with education and governance. These interaction effects imply that increasing the level of any of the three policy variables —education, governance or openness— results in virtuous growth cycles. These are smallest for an increase in one of these variables, stronger for an increase in two of them, and strongest for an increase in all three variables.// El presente artículo analiza el efecto de la difusión de la tecnología del Norte (NRD) relacionada con el comercio, la educación y la gobernabilidad en la productividad total de los factores (PTF) en la América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) y otros países en desarrollo. La NRD de los países en desarrollo se define como la suma ponderada de los acervos de ID del Norte, con ponderaciones relacionadas con la apertura para con los socios comerciales del Norte. La NRD especificada por industria se basa en los acervos de ID específicos por industria del Norte, las pautas de comercio entre el Norte y el Sur, y las relaciones entre los insumos y la producción del Sur. Los principales hallazgos son los siguientes: i) el efecto de la educación y la gobernabilidad en la NRD es significativamente mayor en ALC que en otros países en desarrollo, mientras que sucede lo contrario en el caso de la NRD; ii) la educación, la gobernabilidad y la NRD tienen efectos adicionales en la PTF en las industrias de ALC que se caracterizan por una intensa inversión en ID, de la interacción con las otras dos variables, y iii) dado que la NRD aumenta con la apertura hacia el Norte y con los acervos de ID del Norte, ambas variables aumentan la PTF del Sur tanto de manera directa como por medio de la interacción con la educación y la gobernabilidad. Estos efectos de interacción sugieren que un aumento cualquiera de las tres variables de políticas —educación, gobernabilidad y apertura— produce ciclos virtuosos de crecimiento. Dichos ciclos resultan ser menores cuando se trata de un aumento en sólo una de estas variables, más intensos si se presenta un aumento en dos de ellas y todavía más intensos cuando el aumento ocurre en las tres.

Suggested Citation

  • Schiff, Maurice & Wang, Yanling, 2012. "La difusión de la tecnología relacionada con el comercio entre el Norte y el Sur. Círculos virtuosos de crecimiento en la América Latina," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(314), pages .289-309, abril-jun.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:79:y:2012:i:314:p:289-309
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v79i314.61
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    comercio; difusión de la tecnología; crecimiento; América Latina y el Caribe;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • O19 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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