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Atribución de la responsabilidad y voto económico. El caso de España

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  • Jaime Castillo, Antonio M.

    (Universidad de Granada y Universidad de Indiana)

  • Sáez Lozano, José Luis

    (Universidad de Granada)

Abstract

Until the appearance of the first wave of studies focusing on the hypothesis of the clarity of responsibility, the theory of economic voting implicitly assumed that the government is held responsible for the economic conditions of the country. Departing from previous studies based upon the hypothesis of the clarity of responsibility, in this article we suppose that rational voters have uncertainty at the time of making the government responsible and they are risk-neutral. Then we build a utility function with two arguments: the sociotropic prospective evaluation of economy and the ideological distance between the voter and the competing political options, among which the voter has to choose. This way, the economic voting decision takes place in two stages: On the one hand, the voter subjectively assigns the responsibility to the government. On the other hand, she decides her voting option as a function of her sociotropic prospective evaluation and her ideological distance. We derive tree main findings from our model estimates and hypothesis testing: (1) it could not be taken for granted the implicit assumption of responsibility attribution in economic voting, (2) there is a subjective probability that the voter makes the government responsible for the economic conditions of the country, which in turn affects her individual voting decision, and it also has an impact over the relative effect of factors that explain electoral behavior, and (3) ideology is an argument of the utility function that we can not deny, as the theory of economic voting has typically done.// Hasta la aparición de los primeros estudios centrados en la hipótesis de la claridad, la teoría del voto económico asumía implícitamente que el gobierno es responsable de la situación económica del país. A diferencia de los trabajos basados en la hipótesis de la claridad en la responsabilidad, en este artículo suponemos que los electores racionales tienen incertidumbre al momento de responsabilizar al Ejecutivo y son neutrales ante el riesgo. A partir de ahí, definimos una función de utilidad con dos argumentos: la valoración sociotrópica prospectiva y la distancia ideológica entre el votante y las diferentes opciones políticas entre las que puede elegir. De este modo, la decisión de voto económico consta de dos etapas: por una parte, el elector atribuye subjetivamente la responsabilidad al gobierno, y por otra, decide su opción de voto en función de la valoración sociotrópica prospectiva y la distancia ideológica. De los contrastes y estimaciones realizadas en este estudio se extraen tres grandes conclusiones: i) que no se puede seguir asumiendo que la atribución de la responsabilidad es un supuesto implícito al voto económico, ii) existe una probabilidad subjetiva de que el elector responsabilice al Ejecutivo de la situación económica del país, que afecta a su decisión individual y también condiciona el efecto de los factores explicativos del comportamiento electoral, y iii) que la ideología es un argumento de la función de utilidad, que no podemos obviar tal y como tradicionalmente ha hecho la teoría del voto económico.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaime Castillo, Antonio M. & Sáez Lozano, José Luis, 2007. "Atribución de la responsabilidad y voto económico. El caso de España," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(294), pages 379-413, abril-jun.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:74:y:2007:i:294:p:379-413
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v74i294.369
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    Keywords

    responsibility; government; voter; voting; economy; utility function; decision theory; responsabilidad; gobierno; elector; voto; economía; función de utilidad; teoría de la decisión;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • A12 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
    • C70 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - - - General

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