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Grupos de interés y reforma comercial en México

Author

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  • Sánchez Mier, Luis

    (Universidad de Guanajuato)

Abstract

Mexico experienced widespread economic reform in the last two decades. From being a protectionist economy with a policy of import substitution, it has turned into an export-oriented open economy. Why was protectionism a stable policy, and how was it overturned by a reform that went against entrenched interests? I apply a game theoretic model of political influence and economic reform to answer these questions using data to calculate the payoffs for the relevant interest groups. In the underlying cooperative game, the core is empty and a protectionist coalition of import-substituting firms and the government was “stable” until the eighties. Adjusting the model’s parameters to changes in the government’s financing options in the late eighties and early nineties leads to a different and unique outcome. In the predicted outcome a free trade policy is adopted through cooperation between all players.// En los pasados dos decenios México transitó de una economía proteccionista a otra abierta y orientada a la exportación. ¿Por qué fue el proteccionismo una política estable y cómo fue sustituido por una reforma que actuó contra intereses creados? Para contestar estas preguntas utilizo un modelo de teoría de juegos en que la influencia de los grupos de interés influye en las decisiones de política. Al ajustar los parámetros del modelo a los datos, el juego cooperativo subyacente tiene un núcleo vacío y predice que una coalición de empresas que sustituyen importaciones y el gobierno es “estable” hasta los años ochenta. Para tomar en cuenta los cambios en las opciones de financiación del gobierno a fines de esos años y principios de los noventa, se ajustan los parámetros del modelo. De ahí surge un nuevo equilibrio único que predice la adopción de una política de libre comercio.

Suggested Citation

  • Sánchez Mier, Luis, 2006. "Grupos de interés y reforma comercial en México," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(290), pages 337-361, abril-jun.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:73:y:2006:i:290:p:337-361
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v73i290.547
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    reforma comercial; México; formación de coalición; aspiraciones; juegos cooperativos; grupos de interés;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C71 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - - - Cooperative Games
    • D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O24 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy

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