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Flotar o dolarizar: ¿Qué nos dice la evidencia?

Author

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  • Larraín B., Felipe

    (Instituto de Economía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile)

Abstract

Many countries have experienced exchange rate crisis during the last two decades, and most of them have one feature in common: soft fixed exchange rate regimes. These regimes have failed, especially in emergent economies, where they have faced capital flows sudden stops. This has caused a long search of alternatives, from fixed to floating regimes. Theory, however, has not provided a unique and general answer, thus the problem is an empirical one. This study analyses empirically the relationship between an exchange rate regime and the long run macro performance of LDCs, the latter measured by using the rate of GDP growth per capita and its volatility. Results suggest that flexible exchange rate regimes induce higher rate of growth of GDP per capita.// La gran mayoría de los países que han experimentado crisis cambiarias en los dos decenios pasados han tenido un elemento común: regímenes de tipo de cambio ajustable o reptante, conocidos genéricamente como fijaciones blandas. Estos esquemas cambiarios han fracasado —sobre todo en las economías emergentes— al enfrentar reversiones masivas de los flujos de capital. Ello ha generado una búsqueda de opciones en las que las fijaciones duras o la flotación aparecen como las únicas oportunidades. Sin embargo, la teoría no proporciona resultados claros de manera que este nuevo consenso pueda servir como una pauta útil de política económica. Por tanto, el problema es finalmente empírico. Este trabajo, mediante un análisis empírico exhaustivo, investiga la relación entre la opción de sistema cambiario y el desempeño macroeconómico de largo plazo en los países en desarrollo, medido este último por dos variables-resultado: crecimiento del PIB per capita y volatilidad del crecimiento del PIB per capita. Los resultados indican que los regímenes cambiarios flexibles inducen un mayor crecimiento del producto per capita y una menor volatilidad del crecimiento en relación con cualquier otro esquema cambiario.

Suggested Citation

  • Larraín B., Felipe, 2005. "Flotar o dolarizar: ¿Qué nos dice la evidencia?," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(285), pages 5-28, enero-mar.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:72:y:2005:i:285:p:5-28
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    regímenes de tipo de cambio; países en desarrollo; economías emergentes; regresiones SUR; regresiones de crecimiento; volatibilidad;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C13 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Estimation: General
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence

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