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Dolarización en la América Latina. Una cuantificación de las elasticidades de sustitución entre monedas

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  • Baquero Latorre, Marco A.

Abstract

This paper measures the degree of substitutability between domestic foreign currencies, as a complement to the typical indicators used to measure the magnitude of dollarization of an economy (i.e. the ratio of foreign deposits to the money supply). The empirical evidence of many Latin American countries shows that, despite the success of the macroeconomic stabilization programs launched in some of these countries, the degree of dollarization has not been reduced. The empirical findings demonstrate that, with exception of Chile and Peru, the selected Latin American countries have a composition of domestic and foreign currencies close to 50%. The econometric test used indicate that the foreign currency generate utility to the consumer through the reduction of transaction costs. All countries presents some inelasticity of relative real domestic balances when its relative price changes: the estimated elasticities values are between 0.41 and 0.62. These results could be related to the stability of the domestic money demand, and would suggest asset substitution processes instead of currency substitution events.// En esta investigación se cuantifica el grado de sustitución entre moneda nacional y extranjera, como complemento a los indicadores tradicionalmente utilizados para medir la dolarización de una economía (es decir, depósitos en moneda extranjera respecto al agregado monetario amplio M2). La evidencia de varios países latinoamericanos muestra que a pesar de que en algunos de ellos se han implantado exitosos programas de estabilización la dolarización no se ha reducido. Los resultados encontrados indican que, con excepción de Chile y Perú, los países latinoamericanos seleccionados tienen una composición de las demandas de saldos reales nacional y extranjero similares, de alrededor de 50%. La prueba estadística empleada muestra que las tenencias de saldos reales en moneda extranjera generan utilidad al consumidor por medio de la reducción de los costos transaccionales. En todos los casos estudiados se observa cierta inelasticidad de los saldos reales relativos nacionales ante cambios en su precio. Los rangos estimados de las elasticidades se ubican entre 0.41 y 0.62. Estos resultados podrían ser relacionados con la inestabilidad de la demanda de saldos reales nacionales, lo cuál indicaría que los países analizados presentan fenómenos de sustitución de activos, en lugar de sustitución de monedas.

Suggested Citation

  • Baquero Latorre, Marco A., 2000. "Dolarización en la América Latina. Una cuantificación de las elasticidades de sustitución entre monedas," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(267), pages 337-353, julio-sep.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:67:y:2000:i:267:p:337-353
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