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Monto y distribución del ahorro de los hogares en México

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  • Székely, Miguel

    (Oficina del Jefe de Economistas del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo)

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to answer the following questions: i) How much do households save in Mexico? ii) What instruments are used for saving? iii)What kind of households do save? To do this, the information of three National Income and Expenditure Household Surveys is used, which allonws a micro-economic analysis of savings for the first time ever. After discussing some methodological problems that savings measurement faces, several estimations lead to the conclusion that in 1984 household savings were 10% to 12% of current income, in 1989 they were 11.6% to 13.7% and in 1992 they were 12.5% to 13.7% This indicates that the saving level of Mexican household is relatively high, even when compared with some developed economies, and suggests that the main cause for a decrease in private savings is the contraction of corporate savings. With respect to financial instruments used to save, the results show that savings are distributed among fixed investment, debt payments, life insurance,lending savings accounts and durable goods purchases. With respect to the third question it is concluded that saving decision marking in Mexico is concentrated in no more than the three upper income deciles.// El objetivo de esta investigación es responder las siguientes preguntas: i) ¿cuánto ahorran los hogares en México?;ii) ¿qué instrumentos se utiliza para ahorrar?,y iii)¿qué tipo de hogares ahorra? Para este propósito, utilizamos la información de tres Encuestas Nacionales de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares, levantadas en 1984, 1989 y 1992, lo cual permite realizar un análisis microeconómico del ahorro con estos datos por primera vez. Después de discutir algunos problemas metodológicos que dificultan la medición del ahorro, realizamos varias estimaciones que permiten concluir primero que en 1984 los hogares ahorraban entre 10 y 12.6% de su ingreso corriente,en 1989 ahorrando entre 13.7 11.6% y en 1992 entre 13.7 y 12.5%. Esto indica que el ahorro de los hogares en México es relativamente alto, incluso comparado con el de algunas economías desarrolladas, y sugiere que el motivo principal por el que el ahorro privado en el país se ha contraído en años recientes es por la caída en el ahorro de las empresas. En lo que respecta a los instrumentos financieros que se utiliza para ahorrar,los resultados indican que el ahorro esta diseminado en la adquisición de activos fijos, el cobro y amortización de deudas,los seguros de vida,la adquisición y otorgamiento de préstamos, el depósito y retiro de ahorros, y la compra de bienes duraderos. En cuanto a la tercera pregunta, concluimos que las decisiones de ahorro de los hogares en México están concentradas en (cuando mucho) los tres deciles de la población de mayor ingreso.

Suggested Citation

  • Székely, Miguel, 1998. "Monto y distribución del ahorro de los hogares en México," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 65(258), pages 263-313, : abril-j.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:65:y:1998:i:258:p:263-313
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