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Seguridad alimentaria instucional y una aplicación a México en el decenio de los ochenta

Author

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  • Luna, Sergio A.

    (Departamento de Estudios Económicos, Banco Nacional de México)

Abstract

Modern food security addresses both food supply and the ability of an individual to acquire it. It therefore requires an institutional approach. This paper develops an analytical framework aimed at transforming these principles into operational concepts. It considers three dimensions: National-macroeconomic, microeconomic and dynamics. They should be combined in order to assess who goes hungry and why. The answers are not independent of the institutional circunstances of each case. This framework is applied to Mexico during the eighties. The decline in aggregate food supply is attributed to demand problems at the micro-institutional level. Income fluctuations were unevenly distributed among different household groups via the price system. Direct policy interventions are required, but they should take into account that the causes determining each group’s nutritional status might differ.// Para la seguridad alimentaria moderna importa tanto la disponibilidad de alimentos cuanto la capacidad para adquirirlos. Su entedimiento requiere un enfoque institucional. Este artículo propone un marco analítico encaminado a transformar estos principios en argumentos operacionales. Se discuten tres dimensiones: nacional-macroeconómica, institucional-macroeconómica y dinámica. Deben combinarse para determinar quién tiene hambre y por qué. Las respuestas dependen de las circunstancias institucionales de cada caso. Este marco se aplica al México de los años ochenta. El descenso en la oferta agregada de alimentos se atribuye a un problema de demanda microinstitucional. El sistema de precios desempeño un papel importante al asignar las fluctuaciones de ingreso entre distintos tipos de hogares. Las intervenciones directas de política son recomendables pero deben tomar en cuenta que las causas de la vulnerabilidad nutricional de cada grupo pueden diferir.

Suggested Citation

  • Luna, Sergio A., 1997. "Seguridad alimentaria instucional y una aplicación a México en el decenio de los ochenta," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 64(255), pages 391-425, julio-sep.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:64:y:1997:i:255:p:391-425
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