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Competencia por clientes en la industria bancaria de México

Author

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  • Rojas, Mariano

    (Universidad de las Américas, Puebla, y University of International Business and Economics, Beijing.)

Abstract

This paper studies the competition for clients in the Mexican banking industry. Based on the New Empirical Industrial Organization literature and on the Austrian notion of rivalry, competition for customers among banks is assumed to take place in multiple dimensions, and customers’ mobility across banks is the result of the intensity and characteristics of this competition. The model adopts an underlying first-order stochastic Markov process to characterize the behavior of customers, and the investigation uses longitudinal macrodata to estimate transition probabilities matrices. The transition probabilities show the relative success of the firms to appeal to their rivals’ clients as well as to their own customers. In this way, the transition probabilities become proxies of the nature of competition for clients among the firms in the industry. The characteristics of rivalry within the industry are studied with these transition probabilities. Rivalry segmentation and market partitions might also be found. The model is applied to the Mexican banking industry to study the consequences of the privatization of the banks in the early nineties. The deposit market and the credit market are analized. It is found that as slight increase in rivalry occurred in the credit market immediately after privatization and that an important decrease in rivalry happened in the deposit market. // Este documento estudia la competencia por clientes en la industria bancaria de México. Con base en la bibliografía de la nueva organización industrial empírica y en el enfoque austriaco de rivalidad, se parte de que los bancos compiten en múltiples dimensiones; el resultado de esta competencia se refleja en sus capacidades para retener a sus clientes y para atraer los clientes de bancos rivales. El modelo asume que el comportamiento de los clientes de los bancos sigue un proceso estocástico de Markov de primer orden, y la investigación utiliza información agregada de carácter longitudinal para estimar matrices de probabilidades de transición. Estas probabilidades de transición muestran el empeño que ponen los bancos para competir en la industria. De esta manera, las probabilidades de transición pueden interpretarse como aproximaciones al grado de rivalidad entre las empresas en la industria, y la competencia por clientes puede ser estudiada. El modelo se aplica a la industria bancaria de México para analizar el efecto de la desincorporación bancaria de inicios del decenio de los noventa. Tanto el mercado de colocaciones como el de capacitación de recursos financieros son estudiados. En el periodo inmediato posterior a la desincorporación bancaria se encontró un ligero incremento en la rivalidad en el mercado de colocaciones y una caída significativa en la rivalidad en el mercado de capacitación de recursos financieros.

Suggested Citation

  • Rojas, Mariano, 1997. "Competencia por clientes en la industria bancaria de México," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 64(253), pages 47-73, enero-mar.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:64:y:1997:i:253:p:47-73
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    Cited by:

    1. Pedauga, Luis & Pineda, Julio & Miguel, Dorta, 2004. "Rivalidad por clientes en el mercado cambiario venezolano [Rivalry for customers in the Venezuelan exchange market]," MPRA Paper 62431, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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