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Crecimiento, decadencia y encrucijada. ¿Qué estrategia de desarrollo debe de adoptar la América Latina?

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  • Teitel, Simón

    (Previamente, Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Washington, actualmente, consultor económico independiente, Chevy Chase, MD.)

Abstract

From 1950 to 1980 Latin America had high growth rates, favorably comparable to those of any other developed or developing region. This period not only represented high growth but also a considerable improvement in social indicators of health, education, urbanization and cultural amenities. The fruits of growthwere partially transfered to improve social welfare. After this period a decade of stagnation followed, due to external shocks resulting from the oil prices and the financial and debt crises. The 90s represent a key crossroads to decide the future economic strategy in Latin America. In this paper, it is proposed that such strategy be based in three building bloks: and industrial development much more oriented towards exports, a technological development for such exportoreintation that promotes technical change in leading and not leading industries, and a redesing state to fulfill new orientation, regulation and social welfare functions.// Durante las tres décadas del perido 1950-1980 la región creció a tasa elevadas, que se comparan favorablemente con las de cualquier otra región, tanto en desarrollo como desarrollada. Este periodo no sólo fue de alto crecimiento económico sino que también hubo amplia mejoría en los inidcadores sociales sobre salud, educación, urbanización y actividades culturales. Es decir, los frutos del crecimiento fueron transferidos en parte para mejorar el bienestar social de la población. Al creciemiento le siguió el estancamiento de los años ochenta, debido a los choques externos del precio del petróleo y la crisis financiera y de la deuda. Los años noventa constituyen una encrucijada decisiva para que la América Latina decida su futura estrategia de desarrollo económico. Se propone que dicha estrategia se base en tres pilares: un desarrollo indsutrial mucho más orientado hacia las exportaciones, un desarrollo tecnológico concomitante con dicha actividad exportadora y que incorpore los nuevos adelantos técnicos no sólo en las industrias de punta sino también en las industrias existentes, y un Estado rediseñado para cumplir eficientemente nuevas funciones de orientación, regulación y garantía del bienestar mínimo de los desprotegidos.

Suggested Citation

  • Teitel, Simón, 1995. "Crecimiento, decadencia y encrucijada. ¿Qué estrategia de desarrollo debe de adoptar la América Latina?," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 62(247), pages 337-380, julio-sep.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:62:y:1995:i:247:p:337-380
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