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The moderating role of ride-hailing in the relationship between metro station proximity and metro use

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  • Shi, Kunbo
  • Cao, Jiayu
  • Tao, Yinhua
  • Witlox, Frank
  • Yang, Tianren

Abstract

There is a broad consensus that close proximity to metro stations can encourage metro ridership, thereby promoting the development of sustainable urban transportation systems. However, the widespread adoption of ride-hailing services may potentially moderate the positive relationship between station proximity and metro ridership. In this study, we aim to explore the moderating role of ride-hailing using data obtained from an online questionnaire survey with a total of 4128 valid respondents across 37 Chinese cities. The results indicate that metro station proximity is significantly and positively associated with frequent metro ridership. Nonetheless, this positive association is considerably weakened as the frequency of ride-hailing increases. Meanwhile, the moderating role of exclusive ride-hailing services (e.g., online-hailed taxis, express cars) is statistically significant but marginally weaker than that of shared ride-hailing services (e.g., ride-sharing, carpooling). The above findings reshape the traditional understanding of the relationship between proximity and travel behavior, implying that the effectiveness of traditional planning strategies that promote metro use by improving station proximity may need to be reassessed due to the substantial use of ride-hailing.

Suggested Citation

  • Shi, Kunbo & Cao, Jiayu & Tao, Yinhua & Witlox, Frank & Yang, Tianren, 2026. "The moderating role of ride-hailing in the relationship between metro station proximity and metro use," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:186:y:2026:i:c:s0967070x26002386
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104228
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