Assessing technological-driven challenges and policies associated with electric vehicle (EV) adoption

The concern over petroleum fuel consumption and global air pollution caused by the transportation sector has led to a delicate focus on electric vehicles (EVs) as a sustainable and efficient alternative. The EVs' ability to compete with internal combustion engine cars has been contentious. To accelerate the adoption of EV's globally it is vital to understand the current scenario of EV's, end-users’ perspective and the challenges faced by developing and underdeveloped countries. Worldwide numerous policies, several legislative incentives and guidelines have been implemented to hasten the adoption of EVs to attain carbon neutrality and address the issue of carbon emissions at the source. Amidst the initiatives taken, there are major issues to be sorted for smooth adoption of EVs. This review paper aims to provide a widespread understanding of the, a) technological challenges associated with EV adoption, b) need for diversified technology-related policies in EV adoption, and c) importance of creating awareness & initiatives to meet international green targets. As far as technological challenges are concerned, this article comprehensively discusses and enumerates the author's viewpoint of battery range and life, charging infrastructure and grid integration, R&D and design, as well as safety and reliability concerns. The technology-related policies cover the aspects of infrastructure development policy, regulations and standardization of EV technology and R&D investment policies. By synthesizing current knowledge and highlighting important considerations, this review paper aims to contribute to the understanding of technological barriers in EVs, examine relevant global policy implementations, and the necessary steps for their widespread adoption.