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La maison du MBOMBO: Rite therapeutique pour les enfants a hauts risques dans le Zaire rural

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  • Goblet-Vanormelingen, Véronique

Abstract

Résumé Le mbombo est une pratique rituelle populaire, préventive et curative, d'une société rurale d'Afrique centrale. Y recourent les femmes enceintes ayant perdus plusieurs enfants en fausses-couches, à la naissance ou durant la premiére année de leur vie, de même que les femmes enceintes aprés un long temps d'infertilité primaire ou secondaire, leurs enfants jusqu'à ce qu'ils sachent marcher, les jumeaux et leur mère. Les caractéristiques principales de ce rite sont la séparation de la mére et de l'enfant du milieu familial, un long temps de marginalité sous la protection continuelle d'un guérisseur ritualiste et une réagrégation progressive dans le groupe de support thérapeutique, composé de la famille et de la communauté de souffrants. En analysant les sens et fonctions opératoires du processus rituel global, on se rend compte que cette thérapie, qui d'ailleurs reprend en grande partie les techniques des sages-femmes, est non seulement un rite de fécondité, mais aussi un rite d'initiation, de protection, de purification et de passage. Il s'agit donc d'une thérapie globale qui, outre la survie des enfants, favorise la restauration d'une nouvelle identité physiologiqie, psychologique, religieuse et sociale des sujets rituels.Résumé The mbombo is a popular ritual practice, with preventive and curative implications, of a rural society in central Africa. This rite is used by: pregnant women who have lost several children by abortion, at childbirth, or during their first year of life; by women who get pregnant after a long spell of primary or secondary infertility; by their children until they can walk; and by twins and their mother. The principal characteristics of the rite include: the separation of mother and child from their family, a long period of marginality under the continuous protection of a ritualistic healer, and a progressive reinsertion in the therapeutic support group, composed of the family and the community of sufferers. When one analyses the meanings and operational functions of the global ritual process of this therapy, which incidentally takes into account several midwifery techniques, it is not only a fecundity ritual, but also a rite of initiation, protection, purification and passage. Thus it is a global therapy involving besides child survival, the restoration of a new physiological, religous and social identity of the ritual subjects.

Suggested Citation

  • Goblet-Vanormelingen, Véronique, 1993. "La maison du MBOMBO: Rite therapeutique pour les enfants a hauts risques dans le Zaire rural," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 241-252, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:37:y:1993:i:2:p:241-252
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