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Aspects geographiques de la mortalite en Polynesie Francaise

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  • Vigneron, Emmanuel

Abstract

Résumé La rapidité des changements socio-économiques survenus en Polynésie française depuis 30 ans fait de ce Territoire un terrain de choix pour l'étude de l'évolution de la mortalité en révélant une rapide et remarquable transition épidémiologique. Mais la répartition de la population en petits groupes humains dispersés pose un problème statistique de mesure de la mortalité. Le taux brut de mortalité a continûment décru passant de 17,5[per mille sign] en 1945-49 à 5,3[per mille sign] au cours des 5 dernières années. Mais les différents taux de mortalité infantile, malgré leur recul, restent encore supérieurs á ceux de la France métropolitaine. L'évolution contrastée des causes de décès permet de classer la Polynésie française dans le groupe des petits pays en voie de développement accéléré et la range encore loin derrière ses 'modèles de référence' comme la France métropolitaine, ou les pays développés du Pacifique Sud, Australie et Nouvelle-Zélande. De surcroît, d'importantes inégalités régionales demeurent entre Tahiti et les archipels périphériques, principalement parmi les causes de décès. Globalement les îles lointaines demeurent significativement plus frappées par les décès dûs aux maladies infectieuses et parasitaires, en accord avec le modèle de la Transition Epidémiologique, tandis que l'île de Tahiti qui concentre 70% de la population apparaît comme le lieu d'un cumul des pathologies infectieuses et dégénératives, notamment de surcharge et de société. L'opposition centre/périphérie, entre une métropole et un Territoire d'Outre-Mer se répète à l'échelle locale entre milieux urbain et rural. The fast pace of social and economic changes which have occured in French Polynesia over the last 30 years, have made this territory a choice ground for studying trends in mortality by revealing a fast and outstanding epidemiological transition. However, the breakdown of the population in small scattered human groups raises the statistical problem of measuring mortality. The crude mortality rate has decreased steadily from 17.5/1000 in 1945-1949 to 5.3/1000 over the last five years. However, the various infant mortality rate, in spite of their decline, is still exceeding those of Metropolitan France. The contrasted trends in the causes of mortality provides a means to classify French Polynesia in the group of small fast developing countries but still ranks it far behind its 'reference models' such as Metropolitan France or the developed countries in the South Pacific, Australia and New Zealand. Moreover, there are significant regional disparities which still exist between Tahiti and the outlying archipelagoes, mainly among causes of death. As a whole, distant islands remain significantly more affected by deaths resulting from infectious and parasitic diseases, in line with the model of epidemiological transition, where as the islands of Tahiti with 70% of the total population appears as a place of cumulation of infectious and degenerative diseases, in particular of overloading and cultural problems. The centre/periphery opposition between a metropolitan country and an overseas territory repeats itself at the local level between urban and rural environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Vigneron, Emmanuel, 1993. "Aspects geographiques de la mortalite en Polynesie Francaise," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 1339-1348, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:36:y:1993:i:10:p:1339-1348
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