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Evolution comparee de la mortalite en Afrique du nord de 1960 a nos jours

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  • Tabutin, Dominique

Abstract

Résumé Cet article présente l'évolution de la mortalité de 1960 à 1989 au Maroc, en Algérie, en Tunisie et en Egypte. La procédure a consisté à rassembler, pays par pays, le maximum de données et de résultats, à en examiner les méthodes de collecte et de mesure, à en vérifier la cohérence spatiale ou chronologique avant de finalement choisir les meilleures estimations. Dans la région, la transition de mortalité est réelle et dans l'ensemble rapide au cours des 20 derniéres années: les espérances de vie qui étaient de 50 à 52 ans en 1970 atteignent désormais prés de 70 ans en Tunisie, 66 ou 67 ans en Algérie et au Maroc et 64 ans en Egypte. Les progrés en matiére de mortalité infantile et juvénile ont notamment été remarquables. Mais les écarts s'accroissent entre pays: la Tunisie conserve la première place avec les taux les plus bas, l'Algérie a rattrapé une partie de son retard au cours des 10 derniéres années, la Maroc est déjà un peu plus loin derriére, l'Egypte est en derniére position. La mortalité infantile va de 50% en Tunisie à 80% en Egypte. La surmortalité des femmes de 1 à 30 ou 409 ans était une des grandes caractéristiques de la région dans les années 1960 et 1970. Elle a tendance à s'atténuer et à se concentrer sur les premiéres années de vie (de l'âge d'un mois à 5 ans), mais elle existe toujours, preuve d'une discrimination sexuelle encore réelle. L'Afrique du Nord qui avait pris du retard fait désormais partie des pays à mortalité intermédiaire. In this paper, the evolution of mortality since 1960 has been reconstructed for Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Egypt. The procedure has been to collect in each country all the existing data (population register, surveys, etc.), to check chronological and spatial cohesion and to estimate reliability, before making a final choice of the best estimates. The mortality transition has started. On the whole, progress has been remarkable during the last 20 years. In 1970 life expectancy was only from 50 to 52 years in the region; today it reaches nearly 70 years in Tunisia, 66 years in Algeria and Morocco, and 64 years in Egypt. Infant mortality has decreased considerably. Differences with regard to child mortality increased between countries. Tunisia maintained first place with the lowest rates. Algerian rates, however, are decreasing and have approached those of Tunisia within the last 10 years. Morocco is still in an intermediate position, and Egypt lags behind. Infant mortality ranges from 55 per 1000 in Tunisia to 80 per 1000 in Egypt. Female overmortality was one of the important characteristics of the region in the years 1960 and 1970. There is a tendency towards a decrease and a concentration in the first years of life (between 1 month and 5 years). But it still exists, denoting a certain sexual discrimination. Progress in North Africa during the 1950s and 1960s has resulted in an intermediate position regarding mortality levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Tabutin, Dominique, 1993. "Evolution comparee de la mortalite en Afrique du nord de 1960 a nos jours," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 1257-1265, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:36:y:1993:i:10:p:1257-1265
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