Pre-disaster reserve planning under multi-stakeholder collaboration: A two-phase strategic analysis

Rescue operations following natural disasters have consistently been a critical priority for countries globally. The increasing unpredictability and suddenness of earthquakes underscore the necessity to enhance rescue capabilities. Supply reserves involve various dimensions, with cooperative governance as an effective solution. Currently, there is limited emphasis on cost-sharing mechanisms and stakeholder involvement during implementation, often overlooking the willingness of each stakeholder to collaborate. This paper thoroughly examines various stakeholders by combining horizontal cooperation led by humanitarian organizations with vertical collaboration involving both organizations and manufacturers. Furthermore, it evaluates the feasibility of assistance and introduces a compensation mechanism. To more effectively illustrate the post-disaster procurement process, concepts associated with the learning curve are introduced. The preparedness and relief process is modeled within a two-phase framework. The preparedness phase emphasizes cost and time efficiency, whereas the relief phase, grounded in scarcity theory, seeks to optimize rescue efficiency. The solution is obtained by integrating Monte Carlo simulation with genetic algorithms. Case study results show that cooperative governance facilitates the flow of supplies to higher-priced areas, leading to a cost reduction of 24.96% and an 8.01% decrease in rescue time. The compensation mechanism helps mitigate imbalances during the cooperation process. Outsourcing storage responsibilities to manufacturers is a reliable and cost-effective strategy, emphasizing the importance of vertical cooperation. These findings provide important insights for decision-making in cooperative governance related to disaster management.