Research on the efficiency of technology transfer in Chinese universities from the perspective of supply and demand

The primary challenge in China's university technology transfer ecosystem lies in the misalignment between technological achievement supply and market demand. Compounded by regional economic disparities across China's vast territory, significant variations exist in technology transfer performance among universities in different geographical areas. This study employs DEAP2.1 software to implement both the BCC model and the Malmquist index method, enabling comprehensive static and dynamic efficiency evaluations of decision-making units (DMUs) - an innovative approach that addresses current research gaps. Focusing on 31 Chinese mainland regions categorized into four economic zones (eastern, central, western, and northeastern), our analysis reveals the eastern region demonstrates superior supply-demand matching efficiency, while central and western regions exhibit suboptimal resource allocation and lagging technological advancement. Most regions require substantial improvement in technological innovation capacity on the demand side. These findings suggest the need for region-specific policy interventions: Eastern regions may benefit from optimization strategies, whereas central and western regions require transformative policies emphasizing resource reallocation and innovation enhancement. This research contributes both theoretical and practical insights for improving China's technology transfer effectiveness, while offering valuable implications for other economies facing similar developmental challenges.