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Critical mass in collective action

Author

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  • Ginzburg, Boris
  • Guerra, José-Alberto
  • Lekfuangfu, Warn N.

Abstract

Using a laboratory experiment, we study the incentives of individuals to contribute to a public good that is provided if and only if the share of contributors reaches a certain threshold. We jointly vary the size of the group, the cost of contributing, the required threshold, and the framing of contributions (giving to a common pool versus not taking from it). We find that higher thresholds increase individuals’ willingness to contribute. In small groups, this effect is strong enough that raising the threshold increases the likelihood that the public good is provided, whereas in larger groups the effect disappears. By contrast, we find no consistent effect of framing on either contribution behaviour or the probability of success.

Suggested Citation

  • Ginzburg, Boris & Guerra, José-Alberto & Lekfuangfu, Warn N., 2026. "Critical mass in collective action," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:soceco:v:123:y:2026:i:c:s2214804326000728
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2026.102581
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    JEL classification:

    • C92 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - Laboratory, Group Behavior
    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
    • H41 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods - - - Public Goods

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