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Ex post economic evaluation of open-access competition in high-speed rail: Welfare gains, financial sustainability and policy implications from Spain

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  • Lérida-Navarro, Carlos

Abstract

This paper provides an ex post economic evaluation of the liberalisation of high-speed rail (HSR) passenger services in Spain, one of the largest open-access rail reforms implemented in Europe to date. Following the entry of multiple operators between 2020 and 2023, the Spanish HSR market experienced substantial changes in prices, demand, modal allocation and operator performance, offering a valuable setting to assess the economic consequences of competition in a capital-intensive transport network.

Suggested Citation

  • Lérida-Navarro, Carlos, 2026. "Ex post economic evaluation of open-access competition in high-speed rail: Welfare gains, financial sustainability and policy implications from Spain," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:retrec:v:117:y:2026:i:c:s0739885926000867
    DOI: 10.1016/j.retrec.2026.101789
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    JEL classification:

    • L92 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
    • L51 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Economics of Regulation
    • R41 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
    • R48 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Government Pricing and Policy

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