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Grid-following and grid-forming inverters: A systematic review of their cornerstone role in Australia’s renewable energy zones integration

Author

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  • Sakib, Sadnan
  • Hossain, M.J.
  • Habib, Md Ahasan

Abstract

The environmental and economic limitations of non-renewable energy sources are accelerating Australia’s transition towards Renewable Energy Zones (REZs). However, integrating REZs into weak transmission networks introduces stability challenges that jeopardize overall system reliability. Inverter-based resources (IBRs), particularly grid-forming inverters (GFMIs) and grid-following inverters (GFLIs), have emerged as pivotal technologies to address these issues. Yet, without coordination, their capacity to deliver fast, flexible, and reliable grid support remains constrained. Recent studies highlight that coordinated deployment of GFMIs and GFLIs offers superior performance in stabilizing weak grids, underscoring their vital role in supporting large-scale renewable-energy (RE) integration.

Suggested Citation

  • Sakib, Sadnan & Hossain, M.J. & Habib, Md Ahasan, 2026. "Grid-following and grid-forming inverters: A systematic review of their cornerstone role in Australia’s renewable energy zones integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:239:y:2026:i:c:s1364032126004533
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2026.117154
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