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Advances in iron-based oxygen carriers for chemical looping hydrogen production: strategies, mechanisms, and emerging technologies

Author

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  • Xu, Tingting
  • Ma, Tao
  • Abdalazeez, Atif
  • Liu, Dong

Abstract

Chemical looping hydrogen production (CLHP) is an attractive method for sustainable hydrogen generation with built-in CO2 capture. Iron-based oxygen carriers (OCs) are appealing due to their abundance, cost-effectiveness, friendly environment, and favorable redox properties. However, pure iron oxides face challenges such as sintering, low reactivity, and poor cyclic stability. This review summarizes recent advancements in boosting the performance of iron-based OCs through strategic modifications such as elemental doping, composite formation, and support integration. The synergistic mechanisms behind these enhancements (improving oxygen vacancy formation, lattice oxygen mobility, sintering resistance, and long-term stability) are discussed. Additionally, novel technologies such as electrocatalysis, plasma, and photothermal, coupled with CLHP, are highlighted for their ability to operate at lower temperatures and increase hydrogen production. The potential of high-entropy oxides (HEOs) as future-generation OCs is evaluated, and the role of advanced operando characterization in understanding OC dynamics is also assessed. This comprehensive review aims to offer insights and strategies for the progress of efficient and durable iron-based OCs for scalable CLHP applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Xu, Tingting & Ma, Tao & Abdalazeez, Atif & Liu, Dong, 2026. "Advances in iron-based oxygen carriers for chemical looping hydrogen production: strategies, mechanisms, and emerging technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:232:y:2026:i:c:s1364032126001371
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2026.116838
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