A coordinated framework for integrating technologies, challenges, and management strategies of distributed energy resources in microgrids

The increasing integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) has amplified the importance of Microgrids (MGs) while simultaneously introducing significant challenges in their control and management. Although extensive research has explored various methods to address these challenges through advancements in technology, control and optimization techniques, and MG topologies, a coordinated approach is still needed to integrate these components effectively. This review aims to establish a systematic correlation of existing knowledge on DERs across three main domains: technologies, associated challenges, and control strategies. It introduces a coordination algorithm to interconnect these domains, enabling comprehensive, context-aware selection of DER solutions tailored to the specific requirements and constraints of MGs. By organizing recent literature within this structured framework, the study serves a dual purpose. It provides an updated overview of current solutions for each identified challenge and, through the proposed selection approach, connects existing problems with their most effective resolutions.