Magnetic field-driven nanomaterial fabrication and redox kinetics manipulation for next-generation supercapacitors

Magneto-electrochemistry (MEC) is an emerging interdisciplinary approach that integrates magnetic fields into electrochemical systems, offering promising strategies to overcome key limitations in conventional supercapacitors, such as restricted ion mobility, high interfacial resistance, and sluggish charge-transfer kinetics. This review provides a focused and up-to-date perspective on the role of magnetic fields in enhancing charge transport, highlighting mechanisms such as improved ion migration, localized convection, and optimized charge distribution. It further explores how magnetic fields influence the synthesis and morphology of electrode materials, with a detailed discussion of magnetic-field-assisted techniques including hydrothermal, solvothermal, chemical vapor deposition, thermal decomposition, co-precipitation, and electrodeposition methods, which enable control over particle orientation, crystallinity, and surface area. The concept of magnetic stimulus-responsive materials (MSRMs) is introduced, emphasizing their dynamic response to magnetic stimuli that can modulate redox behavior, ionic transport, and structural stability, ultimately enhancing device performance. Underlying physical mechanisms such as Lorentz and Kelvin forces, magnetic polarization, Maxwell stress, and magnetic-field-induced changes in electrolyte behavior are critically examined for their electrochemical implications. By reviewing recent advancements across these areas, this review highlights the potential of MEC to substantially enhance energy density, capacitance, and cycling stability in supercapacitor systems. In addition to outlining the benefits, it also addresses current technical challenges and proposes future research directions, positioning MEC as a compelling platform for the development of next-generation, high-performance, magnetically responsive energy storage technologies.