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CFD simulation of horizontal-axis sail wind turbine with controlled blades

Author

Listed:
  • Tanasheva, Nazgul K.
  • Burkov, Maxim A.
  • Bakhtybekova, Asem R.
  • Dyusembaeva, Ainura N.
  • Khassenov, Ayanbergen K.
  • Karabekova, Dana Zh
  • Shaimerdenova, Kulzhan M.
  • Shuyushbayeva, Nurgul N.
  • Omirbek, Aigerim U.

Abstract

This study investigates the aerodynamic performance of a horizontal-axis sail wind turbine with an actively controlled blade-deflection mechanism for operation under low and variable wind speeds. A two-bladed rotor (D = 0.38 m) was analyzed using steady-state RANS CFD (MRF, k–ε) and validated against wind-tunnel experiments at inflow velocities of 3–15 m/s and sail deflection angles α = 0–60°. In the low-wind regime (3–7 m/s), small deflection angles (α = 0–15°) increase the free-run rotational speed by about 40–45% and yield a maximum power coefficient Cp,max = 0.26 at λ = 1.2–1.5. At higher wind speeds, larger deflections (α = 45–60°) provide effective rotor unloading: at V = 15 m/s the drag force is reduced by a factor of 4–6 (from 23 N at α = 0° to 3.5–5.7 N), while the maximum sail surface pressure decreases by 15–16%. Numerical and experimental Cd(Re) and Cl(Re) data agree within 10–15%, confirming the adequacy of the CFD model. The proposed two-mode active control strategy simultaneously secures reliable start-up at 3 m/s and mitigates loads in strong winds, expanding the application range of small sail-type HAWTs in low-wind regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Tanasheva, Nazgul K. & Burkov, Maxim A. & Bakhtybekova, Asem R. & Dyusembaeva, Ainura N. & Khassenov, Ayanbergen K. & Karabekova, Dana Zh & Shaimerdenova, Kulzhan M. & Shuyushbayeva, Nurgul N. & Omirb, 2026. "CFD simulation of horizontal-axis sail wind turbine with controlled blades," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:266:y:2026:i:c:s0960148126004349
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125609
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