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Electronic structure modulation of CdS loading onto FST for optimized photoelectrochemical water splitting system

Author

Listed:
  • Sawal, M.H.
  • Jalil, A.A.
  • Hassan, N.S.
  • Bahari, M.B.
  • Hamid, M.Y.S.
  • Izzudin, N.M.
  • Salleh, N.F.M.

Abstract

Rising carbon emissions and fossil fuel depletion highlight the need for sustainable energy solutions, with photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting emerging as a promising method for solar-driven green hydrogen production. Herein, cadmium sulfide loaded on fibrous silica titania (CdS/FST) was fabricated via a microemulsion followed by impregnation method with varying CdS loadings (1, 5, and 10 wt%). PEC performance followed the order: 5CdS/FST >10CdS/FST > 1CdS/FST > FST. Notably, 5CdS/FST exhibited the highest photocurrent density (24.5 mA/cm2), attributed to its high surface area (304 m2/g), total pore volume (0.29 cm3/g), and strong Si-O-M interaction, which led the conduction band near to the redox potential. Kinetic analysis confirmed its superior electrochemical performance. Response surface morphology (RSM) analysis identified electrolyte concentration as the most influential parameter, followed by pH and electrode area. The optimal PEC conditions predicted from RSM were 0.53 M electrolyte concentration, pH 11.3, and 0.76 cm2 electrode area, with experimental validation showing only a 2.2% deviation. A PEC stability of 8 h using 5CdS/FST under continuous illumination was successfully achieved. This study contributes to developing sustainable energy solutions, reinforcing the role of PEC water splitting in the transition to clean energy.

Suggested Citation

  • Sawal, M.H. & Jalil, A.A. & Hassan, N.S. & Bahari, M.B. & Hamid, M.Y.S. & Izzudin, N.M. & Salleh, N.F.M., 2026. "Electronic structure modulation of CdS loading onto FST for optimized photoelectrochemical water splitting system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:265:y:2026:i:c:s0960148126004660
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125641
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